Stable liquid pesticide compositions

ABSTRACT

Aqueous pesticidial concentrate emulsions or microemulsions are described which are storage stable after exposure to temperatures ranging from 60° C. to −20° C.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. applicationSer. No. 09/926,521, filed Nov. 14, 2001, which was the National Stageof International Application No. PCT/US01/16550, filed May 21, 2001,which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/206,628,filed May 24, 2000, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/205,524, filedMay 19, 2000, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/273,234, filed Mar. 2,2001, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/274,368, filed Mar. 8,2001.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to stable pesticide emulsions andother liquid concentrates of water soluble pesticides such asN-phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate). Herbicidal compositions of thisinvention comprise glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof, such aspotassium glyphosate and a surfactant system including a cationicsurfactant and optionally a nonionic surfactant. The invention alsoprovides optically transparent, highly loaded glyphosate compositionscontaining cationic and nonionic surfactants having a cloud point of atleast about 50° C. and a crystallization point not greater than about−20° C.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Glyphosate is well known in the art as an effective post-emergentfoliar-applied herbicide. In its acid form, glyphosate has a structurerepresented by formula (1):

[0004] and is relatively insoluble in water (1.16% by weight at 25° C.).For this reason it is typically formulated as a water-soluble salt.

[0005] Monobasic, dibasic and tribasic salts of glyphosate can be made.However, it is generally preferred to formulate glyphosate and applyglyphosate to plants in the form of a monobasic salt. The most widelyused salt of glyphosate is the mono(isopropylammonium), oftenabbreviated to IPA, salt. Commercial herbicides of Monsanto Companyhaving the IPA salt of glyphosate as active ingredient include Roundup®,Roundup® Ultra, Roundup® UltraMax, Roundup® Xtra and Rodeo® herbicides.All of these are aqueous solution concentrate (SL) formulations and aregenerally diluted in water by the user prior to application to plantfoliage. Another glyphosate salt which has been commercially formulatedas SL formulations include the mono(trimethylsulfonium), oftenabbreviated to TMS salt, used for example in Touchdown® herbicide ofSyngenta. Various salts of glyphosate, methods for preparing salts ofglyphosate, formulations of glyphosate or its salts and methods of useof glyphosate or its salts for killing and controlling weeds and otherplants are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,507,250 to Bakel, 4,481,026 toPrisbylla, 4,405,531 to Franz, 4,315,765 to Large, 4,140,513 to Prill,3,977,860 to Franz, 3,853,530 to Franz, and 3,799,758 to Franz. Theaforementioned patents are incorporated herein in their entirety byreference.

[0006] Among the water soluble salts of glyphosate known in theliterature, but not known to be used commercially, is the potassiumsalt, having a structure represented by formula (2):

[0007] in the ionic form predominantly present in aqueous solution at apH of about 4. This salt is disclosed, for example, by Franz in U.S.Pat. No. 4,405,531 cited above, as one of the “alkali metal” salts ofglyphosate useful as herbicides, with potassium being specificallydisclosed as one of the alkali metals, along with lithium, sodium,cesium and rubidium. Example C discloses the preparation of themonopotassium salt by reacting the specified amounts of glyphosate acidand potassium carbonate in an aqueous medium.

[0008] Very few herbicides have been commercialized as their potassiumsalts. The Pesticide Manual, 11th Edition, 1997, lists as potassiumsalts the auxin type herbicides 2,4-DB ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoicacid), dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), dichlorprop(2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid), MCPA((4chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid), and picloram(4amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), the activeingredient of certain herbicide products sold by DowElanco under thetrademark Tordon.

[0009] The solubility of glyphosate potassium salt in water is recordedin pending application Ser. No. 09/444,766, filed Nov. 22, 1999, theentire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Asdisclosed therein, glyphosate potassium salt has a solubility in purewater at 20° C. of about 54% by weight, that is, about 44% glyphosateacid equivalent (a.e.) by weight. This is very similar to the solubilityof the IPA salt. Concentrations expressed as percent by weight hereinrelate to parts by weight of salt or acid equivalent per 100 parts byweight of solution. Thus a simple aqueous solution concentrate ofglyphosate potassium salt can readily be provided at a concentration of,for example, 44% a.e. by weight, comparable to that commerciallyobtainable with glyphosate IPA salt, as in the aqueous solutionconcentrate available from Monsanto Company under the name D-Pak.Somewhat higher concentrations can be obtained by slight overneutralization, 5 to 10% for example, of an aqueous solution ofglyphosate potassium salt with potassium hydroxide.

[0010] A major advantage of the IPA salt over many other salts ofglyphosate has been its compatibility in aqueous solution concentrateformulations with a wide range of surfactants. As used herein, the term“surfactant” is intended to include a wide range of adjuvants that canbe added to herbicidal glyphosate compositions to enhance the herbicidalefficacy thereof, as compared to the activity of the glyphosate salt inthe absence of such adjuvant, stability, formulability or otherbeneficial solution property, irrespective of whether such adjuvantmeets a more traditional definition of “surfactant.”

[0011] Glyphosate salts generally require the presence of a suitablesurfactant for best herbicidal performance. The surfactant can beprovided in the concentrate formulation, or it can be added by the enduser to the diluted spray composition. The choice of surfactant has amajor bearing on herbicidal performance. For example, in an extensivestudy reported in Weed Science, 1977, volume 25, pages 275-287, Wyrilland Burnside found wide variation among surfactants in their ability toenhance the herbicidal efficacy of glyphosate, applied as the IPA salt.

[0012] Beyond some broad generalizations, the relative ability ofdifferent surfactants to enhance the herbicidal effectiveness ofglyphosate is highly unpredictable.

[0013] Surfactants tending to give the most useful enhancement ofglyphosate herbicidal effectiveness are generally but not exclusivelycationic surfactants, including surfactants which form cations inaqueous solution or dispersion at pH levels of around 4-5 characteristicof SL formulations of monobasic salts of glyphosate. Examples arelong-chain (typically C₁₂ to C₁₈) tertiary alkylamine surfactants andquaternary alkylammonium surfactants. An especially common tertiaryalkylamine surfactant used in aqueous solution concentrate formulationsof glyphosate IPA salt has been the very hydrophilic surfactantpolyoxyethylene (15) tallowamine, i.e., tallowamine having in totalabout 15 moles of ethylene oxide in two polymerized ethylene oxidechains attached to the amine group as shown in formula (3):

[0014] wherein R is a mixture of predominantly C₁₆ and C₁₈ alkyl andalkenyl chains derived from tallow and the total of m+n is an averagenumber of about 15.

[0015] For certain applications, it has been found desirable to use asomewhat less hydrophilic alkylamine surfactant, such as one having lessthan about 10 moles of ethylene oxide, as suggested in U.S. Pat. No.5,668,085 to Forbes et al., for example polyoxyethylene (2) cocoamine.That patent discloses illustrative aqueous compositions comprising sucha surfactant together with the IPA, ammonium or potassium salts ofglyphosate. The highest concentration of glyphosate in the potassiumsalt formulations shown in Table 3 of the '085 patent is 300 gglyphosate a.e./l, with a weight ratio of glyphosate a.e. to surfactantof 2:1.

[0016] A class of alkoxylated alkylamines is disclosed in WO 00/59302for use in herbicidal spray compositions. Potassium glyphosate solutionsincluding various Jeffamine™ EO/PO propylamines or propyldiamines aredescribed therein.

[0017] A wide variety of quaternary ammonium surfactants have beendisclosed as components of aqueous solution concentrate formulations ofglyphosate IPA salt. Illustrative examples are N-methylpolyoxyethylene(2) cocoammonium chloride, disclosed in European Patent No. 0274369,N-methylpolyoxyethylene (2) cocoammonium chloride, disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 5,317,003, and various quaternary ammonium compounds havingformula (4):

(R¹)(R²)(R³)N⁺−CH₂CH₂O—(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)_(n)HCl⁻  (4)

[0018] where R¹, R²and R³ are each C₁₋₃ alkyl groups and n is an averagenumber from 2 to 20, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,807.

[0019] PCT Publication No. WO 97116969 discloses aqueous solutionconcentrate compositions of glyphosate, in the form of the IPA,methylammonium and diammonium salts, comprising a quaternary ammoniumsurfactant and an acid salt of a primary, secondary or tertiaryalkylamine compound.

[0020] Other cationic surfactants which have been indicated as useful inaqueous solution concentrate compositions of glyphosate salts includethose disclosed in PCT Publication No. WO 95/33379. It is furtherdisclosed in PCT Publication No. WO 97132476 that highly concentratedaqueous compositions of glyphosate salts can be made with certain ofthese same cationic surfactants, with the further addition of a definedcomponent that enhances stability of the compositions. Glyphosate saltsexemplified therein are the IPA salt and the mono- and diammonium salts.

[0021] A class of alkyletheramine, alkyletherammonium salt andalkyletheramine oxide surfactants has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,750,468 to be suitable for preparation of aqueous solution concentrateformulations of various glyphosate salts, the potassium salt beingincluded in the list of salts mentioned. It is disclosed therein that anadvantage of the subject surfactants when used in an aqueous compositionwith glyphosate salts is that these surfactants permit the glyphosateconcentration of the composition to be increased to very high levels.

[0022] Anionic surfactants, except in combination with cationicsurfactants as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,389,598 and 5,703,015, aregenerally of little interest in SL formulations of glyphosate IPA salt.The '015 patent discloses a surfactant blend of a dialkoxylatedalkylamine and an anionic eye irritancy reducing compound. Thesurfactant blend is disclosed as being suitable for preparation ofaqueous solution concentrate formulations of various glyphosate salts,the potassium salt being included in the list of salts mentioned.Concentrates of the '015 patent contain from about 5 to about 50%,preferably about 35% to about 45% glyphosate a.i. and from about 5 toabout 25% surfactant. Further, PCT Publication No. WO 00/08927 disclosesthe use of certain polyalkoxylated phosphate esters in combination withcertain polyalkoxylated amidoamines in glyphosate containingformulations. Potassium is identified as one of several salts ofglyphosate noted as being “suitable.”

[0023] Nonionic surfactants are generally reported to be less compatiblewith glyphosate than cationic or amphoteric surfactants when used as thesole surfactant component of SL formulations of glyphosate; exceptionsappear to include certain alkyl polyglucosides, as disclosed for examplein Australian Patent No. 627503. Other nonionics that have beendisclosed as useful with glyphosate include polyoxyethylene (10-100)C₁₆₋₂₂ alkylethers, as disclosed in PCT Publication No. WO 98/17109.Other nonionic surfactants are generally mixed with cationic surfactantsto form a compatible surfactant system for use in liquid herbicidalconcentrates. However, cationic/nonionic surfactant systems generally donot provide acceptable low temperature storage stability. Concentratescontaining these surfactant systems can crystallize at temperatures ator below about 0° C., limiting the use of such concentrates in coldclimates.

[0024] Glyphosate concentrates containing nonionic alkylether andcationic amine surfactants are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,713. Thesurfactant mixture is said to enhance biological effectiveness of theglyphosate and provide enhanced rainfastness. Suitable glyphosates foruse in the concentrates include sodium, potassium, ammonium,dimethylammonium, IPA, monoethanolammonium and TMS glyphosate salts.This patent is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

[0025] It is likely that serious consideration of glyphosate potassiumsalt as a herbicidal active ingredient has been inhibited by therelative difficulty in formulating this salt as a highly concentrated SLproduct together with preferred surfactant types. For example, a widelyused surfactant in glyphosate IPA salt compositions, namelypolyoxyethylene (15) tallowamine of formula (3) above, is highlyincompatible in aqueous solution with glyphosate potassium salt.Further, PCT Publication No. WO 00115037 notes the low compatibility ofalkoxylated alkylamine surfactants in general with high-strengthglyphosate concentrates. As disclosed therein, in order to “build in” aneffective level of surfactant, an alkylglycoside surfactant is used incombination with an alkoxylated alkylamine surfactant to obtainhigh-strength concentrates containing the potassium salt of glyphosate.

[0026] The addition of such alkylglycosides resulted in higher viscosityformulations (as compared to formulations without alkylglycosides). Suchan increase in the viscosity of these high-strength formulations isundesirable for various reasons. In addition to being more difficult toconveniently pour from the container or to wash residues therefrom, thedeleterious effects resulting from higher viscosity formulations is moredramatically observed with respect to pumping requirements. Increasingvolumes of liquid aqueous glyphosate products are being purchased byend-users in large refillable containers sometimes known as shuttles,which typically have an integral pump or connector for an external pumpto permit transfer of liquid. Liquid aqueous glyphosate products arealso shipped in bulk, in large tanks having a capacity of up to about100,000 liters. The liquid is commonly transferred by pumping to astorage tank at a facility operated by a wholesaler, retailer orcooperative, from which it can be further transferred to shuttles orsmaller containers for onward distribution. Because large quantities ofglyphosate formulations are purchased and transported in early spring,the low temperature pumping characteristics of such formulations areextremely important.

[0027] When such alkylglycosides (e.g., Agrimul™ APG-2067 and2-ethyl-hexyl glucoside) are added to a glyphosate concentrate, theconcentrate is dark brown in color. It is desirable for a glyphosateconcentrate to be lighter in color than the alkylglycoside-containingconcentrates as disclosed in WO 00/15037, which have a color value ofabout 10 to 18 as measured by a Gardner colorimeter. When dye is addedto a glyphosate concentrate having a Gardner color of 18, theconcentrate remains dark brown in color. Concentrates having a Gardnercolor value of 10 are difficult to dye a wide variety of colors, forexample blue, green, red or yellow, as is often desired to distinguishthe glyphosate product from other herbicidal products.

[0028] It would be desirable to provide a storage-stable aqueousconcentrate composition of the potassium salt of glyphosate having anagronomically useful surfactant content, or that is “fully loaded” withsurfactant. These formulations exhibit a reduced viscosity such thatthey may be pumped with standard bulk pumping equipment at 0° C. atrates of at least 7.5 gallons per minute, usually more than 10 gallonsper minute and preferably greater than 12.5 gallons per minute. An“agronomically useful surfactant content” means containing one or moresurfactants of such a type or types and in such an amount that a benefitis realized by the user of the composition in terms of herbicidaleffectiveness by comparison with an otherwise similar compositioncontaining no surfactant. By “fully loaded” is meant having a sufficientconcentration of a suitable surfactant to provide, upon conventionaldilution in water and application to foliage, herbicidal effectivenesson one or more important weed species without the need for furthersurfactant to be added to the diluted composition.

[0029] By “storage-stable,” in the context of an aqueous concentratecomposition of glyphosate salt further containing a surfactant, is meantnot exhibiting phase separation on exposure to temperatures up to about50° C., and preferably not forming crystals of glyphosate or saltthereof on exposure to a temperature of about 0° C. for a period of upto about 7 days (i.e., the composition must have a crystallization pointof 0° C. or lower). For aqueous solution concentrates, high temperaturestorage stability is often indicated by a cloud point of about 50° C. ormore. Cloud point of a composition is normally determined by heating thecomposition until the solution becomes cloudy, and then allowing thecomposition to cool, with agitation, while its temperature iscontinuously monitored. A temperature reading taken when the solutionclears is a measure of cloud point. A cloud point of 50° C. or more isnormally considered acceptable for most commercial purposes for aglyphosate SL formulation. Ideally the cloud point should be 60° C. ormore, and the composition should withstand temperatures as low as about−10° C., preferably as low as about −20° C., for up to about 7 dayswithout crystal growth, even in the presence of seed crystals of theglyphosate salt.

[0030] A surfactant that is described herein as “compatible” with aglyphosate salt at specified surfactant and glyphosate a.e.concentrations is one that provides a storage-stable aqueous concentrateas defined immediately above containing that surfactant and salt at thespecified concentrations.

[0031] Users of liquid herbicidal products typically meter the dosage byvolume rather than by weight, and such products are usually labeled withdirections for suitable use rates expressed in volume per unit area,e.g., liters per hectare (l/ha) or fluid ounces per acre (oz/acre). Thusthe concentration of herbicidal active ingredient that matters to theuser is not percent by weight, but weight per unit volume, e.g., gramsper liter (g/l) or pounds per gallon (lb/gal). In the case of glyphosatesalts, concentration is often expressed as grams of acid equivalent perliter (g a.e./l).

[0032] Historically, surfactant-containing glyphosate IPA salt productssuch as Roundup® and Roundup® Ultra herbicides of Monsanto Company havemost commonly been formulated at a glyphosate concentration of about 360g a.e./l. The surfactant-containing glyphosate TMS salt productTouchdown® of Zeneca has been formulated at a glyphosate concentrationof about 330 g a.e./l. Products at lower a.e. concentration, i.e., moredilute, are also sold in some markets, but carry a cost penalty per unitof glyphosate they contain, primarily reflecting packaging, shipping andwarehousing costs.

[0033] Further benefits in cost savings and in convenience to the userare possible if a “fully loaded” aqueous concentrate composition, or atleast one having an agronomically useful surfactant content, can beprovided at a glyphosate concentration of at least about 320 g a.e./l,340 g a.e./l, or significantly more than 360 g a.e./l, for example atleast about 420 g a.e./l or more, or at least 440, 450, 460, 470, 480,490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 660 g a.e./l ormore.

[0034] At very high glyphosate a.e. concentrations such as these, asignificant problem normally occurs. This is the difficulty in pouringand/or pumping of the aqueous concentrate arising from the highviscosity of the concentrate, especially as manifested at lowtemperatures. It would therefore be highly desirable to have a highlyconcentrated aqueous solution of glyphosate potassium salt fully loadedwith an agronomically useful surfactant, such formulation preferablybeing less viscous than glyphosate potassium salt formulationscontaining alkylglycoside surfactants, such as those disclosed in PCTPublication No. WO 00/15037.

[0035] As will be clear from the disclosure that follows, these andother benefits are provided by the present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0036] Among the several features of the invention, therefore, may benoted the provision of a liquid concentrate pesticidal compositionuseful in agriculture wherein a water-soluble herbicide can beformulated with a surfactant system so as to withstand temperatures aslow as about −10° C., preferably as low as about −20° C., for at leastabout 7 days without phase separation and without crystal growth, evenin the presence of seed crystals of the herbicide; the provision of sucha composition which is stable after storage at about 50° C. for at least14 days, preferably at about 60° C. or more for at least 28 days; theprovision of such a composition that allows for higher loading ofherbicidal active ingredients and full loading of surfactants; and theprovision of such a storage-stable composition having a broad weedcontrol spectrum that is relatively easy to use.

[0037] Briefly, therefore, the present invention is directed to anaqueous pesticidal concentrate microemulsion composition comprising awater-soluble pesticide dissolved in an aqueous medium, a substantiallywater-immiscible organic solvent, and a surfactant component. Thewater-soluble pesticide is present in a concentration that isbiologically effective when the composition is diluted in a suitablevolume of water and applied to the foliage of a susceptible plant. Thesurfactant component comprises one or more surfactants present in aconcentration sufficient to provide acceptable temperature stability ofthe microemulsion such that the microemulsion has a cloud point of atleast about 50° C. and a crystallization point not greater than about−10° C. The concentrate composition is optically transparent.

[0038] The invention is also directed to a liquid herbicidal concentrateemulsion composition having a continuous aqueous phase and adiscontinuous oil phase. The composition comprises glyphosatepredominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium, diammonium,sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine,hexamethylenediamine or trimethylsulfonium salt thereof, an oil phasecomprising a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent, and asurfactant component. The glyphosate is in solution in the aqueous phasein a concentration that is biologically effective when the compositionis diluted in a suitable volume of water to form an enhanced applicationmixture and applied to foliage of a susceptible plant. The surfactantcomponent is in solution or stable suspension, emulsion, or dispersionin the aqueous phase, and comprises one or more surfactants present in aconcentration sufficient to provide acceptable temperature stability ofthe emulsion such that the emulsion has a cloud point of at least about50° C. and a crystallization point not greater than about −10° C.

[0039] Yet another embodiment of the present invention is directed to anaqueous pesticidal concentrate microemulsion composition comprising awater-soluble pesticide dissolved in an aqueous medium, a substantiallywater-immiscible organic solvent and a surfactant component. Thewater-soluble pesticide is present in a concentration that isbiologically effective when the composition is diluted in a suitablevolume of water and applied to the foliage of a susceptible plant. Thesurfactant component comprises at least one cationic surfactant and atleast one nonionic surfactant, and is present in a concentrationsufficient to provide acceptable temperature stability of the emulsionsuch that the emulsion has a cloud point of at least about 50° C. and acrystallization point not greater than about −10° C.

[0040] Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a liquidherbicidal concentrate emulsion composition having a continuous aqueousphase and a discontinuous oil phase. The emulsion comprises awater-soluble herbicide dissolved in the aqueous phase, an oil phasecomprising a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent, and asurfactant component. The water-soluble herbicide is present in aconcentration that is biologically effective when the composition isdiluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the foliage of asusceptible plant The surfactant component comprises at least onecationic surfactant, and the surfactant component is present in aconcentration sufficient to provide acceptable temperature stability ofthe emulsion such that the emulsion has a cloud point of at least about50° C. and a crystallization point not greater than about 0° C.

[0041] Still another embodiment of the invention is directed to anaqueous herbicidal concentrate composition comprising a water-solubleherbicide dissolved in an aqueous medium and a surfactant component. Thewater-soluble herbicide is present in a concentration that isbiologically effective when the composition is diluted in a suitablevolume of water and applied to the foliage of a susceptible plant. Thesurfactant component comprises at least one cationic surfactant; and oneor more amine or quaternary ammonium salt compounds, each of whichcomprises an alkyl or aryl substituent having from about 4 to about 16carbon atoms and not more than ten ethylene oxide linkages within thecompound. The compounds are present in an amount which enhances thecompatibility of the surfactant component with the herbicide. Thesurfactant component is present in a concentration sufficient to provideacceptable temperature stability of the composition such that thecomposition has a cloud point of at least about 50° C. and acrystallization point not greater than about 0° C.

[0042] Yet another embodiment of the invention is directed to an aqueousherbicidal concentrate composition comprising a water-soluble herbicidedissolved in an aqueous medium, and a surfactant component. Thewater-soluble herbicide is present in a concentration that isbiologically effective when the composition is diluted in a suitablevolume of water and applied to the foliage of a susceptible plant. Thesurfactant component comprises at least one cationic surfactant and atleast one nonionic surfactant, and is present in a concentrationsufficient to provide acceptable temperature stability of thecomposition such that the composition has a cloud point of at leastabout 50° C. and a crystallization point not greater than about 0° C.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Liquid pesticidal concentrates, especially those containingpotassium glyphosate in combination with surfactants, are known to bedifficult to stabilize against phase separation at elevated temperaturesor crystallization at low temperatures. It has been discovered that thecompatibility of a cationic surfactant, or a mixture of cationic andnonionic surfactants, with a water-soluble herbicide within a liquidherbicidal concentrate can be significantly improved by adding certainamine or quaternary ammonium salt compounds to the concentrate. Thesecompounds are referred to herein as “stabilizers.” Concentratescontaining such surfactants in combination with the stabilizer alsoexhibit optical clarity and enhanced temperature stability, and provideimproved weed control when diluted and applied to foliage. Amine orquaternary ammonium salt compounds comprising an alkyl or arylsubstituent having from about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms and not morethan ten ethylene oxide linkages within the compound are effective inenhancing the compatibility of such surfactants, even in concentratescontaining at least 400 g glyphosate a.e. per liter and with aglyphosate:surfactant weight ratio of between about 1:1 and 20:1. Thecompatibility is particularly enhanced for surfactants that areotherwise incompatible with the water-soluble herbicide. For example,potassium glyphosate concentrates comprising 5-15 wt % cationicsurfactants, or mixtures of these cationic surfactants and nonionicsurfactants, are storage stable when the stabilizer is added.

[0044] It has also been discovered that the low temperature storagestability of liquid herbicidal concentrates containing cationic andnonionic surfactants can be significantly improved by adding asubstantially water-immiscible solvent to the concentrate to form anemulsion. Emulsions containing a solvent, such as Aromatic 150 or IsoparL, often exhibit a 10° C. improvement in low temperature storagestability as compared to similarly loaded herbicidal compositions whichdo not include the solvent. The emulsions can be formulated to remainoptically clear during storage. Preferably, the concentrate isformulated as a microemulsion which remains optically transparent whenstored for at least about 7, 14 or 28 days.

[0045] It has also been discovered that, when the surfactant componentof the liquid herbicidal concentrate composition also includes an aminecontaining alkylene oxide linkages, lowering the degree of alkoxylationimproves the low temperature storage stability of the composition. Forexample, a glyphosate composition containing an alkyl etheramine havingnot more than eight ethylene oxide linkages exhibit a crystallizationpoint not greater than about −10° C., as compared to a similarly loadedglyphosate composition comprising an alkyl etheramine having tenethylene oxide linkages which exhibits a crystallization point notgreater than about 0° C.

[0046] In an embodiment of the invention, an aqueous herbicidalconcentrate composition is provided which comprises a water-solubleherbicide dissolved in water. The water-soluble herbicide is present ina concentration that is biologically effective when the composition isdiluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the foliage of asusceptible plant. The composition also comprises a surfactant componentin solution or stable suspension, microemulsion, or dispersion in thewater. The surfactant component comprises one or more cationicsurfactants, or a mixture of one or more cationic surfactants and one ormore nonionic surfactants. The surfactant component is present in aconcentration sufficient to provide acceptable temperature stability ofthe composition such that the composition has a cloud point of at leastabout 50° C. and a crystallization point not greater than aboutPreferably, the cationic surfactant comprises a stabilizer of theinvention, that is, one or more amine or quaternary ammonium saltcompounds, each of which comprises an alkyl or aryl substituent havingfrom about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms and not more than ten ethyleneoxide linkages within the compound. These compounds enhance thecompatibility of the surfactant component with the herbicide, enhancethe optical clarity and temperature stability of the composition, andprovide improved weed growth control when the composition is dilutedwith water and applied to foliage.

[0047] In another embodiment of the invention, a substantiallywater-immiscible organic solvent is added to this composition to form amicroemulsion. When the solvent is present in the concentratecomposition, the storage stability of the composition is improved bydecreasing the crystallization point by about 10° C. Such compositionsexhibit a crystallization point not greater than about −10° C. or evenabout −20° C. if desired.

[0048] The liquid herbicidal concentrate aqueous and oil emulsion of theinvention comprises a continuous aqueous phase containing awater-soluble herbicide dissolved therein. The water-soluble herbicideis present in a concentration that is biologically effective when theemulsion is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to thefoliage of a susceptible plant. The oil phase of the emulsion comprisesthe substantially water-immiscible organic solvent. The emulsion alsocomprises a surfactant component in solution or stable suspension,emulsion, or dispersion in the water. The surfactant component comprisesone or more surfactants present in a concentration sufficient to provideacceptable temperature stability of the emulsion such that the emulsionhas a cloud point of at least about 50° C., preferably about 60° C. anda crystallization point not greater than about −10° C., preferably about−20° C. Such low temperature storage stability is desirable in colderclimates to maintain a pourable and pumpable homogeneous composition.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, a temperature stable microemulsion isformed. A microemulsion is an optically transparent composition whichremains stable when stored within a given temperature range.Microemulsions are described by K. Holmberg in an article entitled “Whenoil and water mix and mingle” (visited Nov. 18,2001)<http://www.responseonline.com/tech/emul.htm>. The term “opticallytransparent” or “clear” is defined as a complete lack of any visiblenonuniformity when viewed in mass, in bottles or test tubes, by strongtransmitted light for purposes of this invention.

[0050] Microemulsions of the invention are easily prepared by well knownmethods and using standard equipment in the art. A beaker or laboratorypot is adequate for low volume purposes, while larger volumes may beprocessed in standard industrial agitated tankage including reactors,dissolvers and bulk tanks. Agitation requirements are not critical andagitation need only be adequate to provide a homogeneous formulation.Medium speed agitation with stir bars, or agitators fitted with standardindustrial props are preferred. Baffled tanks are preferred inindustrial applications as a means to reduce vortexing and airentrainment, and to minimize the agitator prop speed required to achievedesired homogeneity. Heated or jacket vessels are preferred. High shearand high speed mixing are not preferred if excessive air entrapment inthe formulation can occur. The composition constitutents may be added inany order into a suitable vessel. Preferably, the surfactant is firstadded followed by the stabilizer, water and the pesticide. Surfactantsthat are not flowable at the processing temperature may optionally bemelted prior to formulation, or preferably melted in the processingequipment before the balance of the components are added.

[0051] Preferably, the surfactant system comprises a stabilizer of theinvention, that is, one or more amine or quaternary ammonium saltcompounds, each of which comprises an alkyl or aryl substituent havingfrom about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms and not more than ten C₂-C₅alkylene oxide linkages within the compound. These compounds enhance thecompatibility of the surfactant component with the herbicide, enhancethe optical clarity and temperature stability of the microemulsion, andprovide improved weed growth control when the microemulsion is dilutedwith water and applied to foliage.

[0052] It is also preferred that the surfactant component comprises oneor more cationic surfactants, or a mixture of one or more cationicsurfactants and one or more nonionic surfactants.

[0053] The liquid concentrate compositions of the invention preferablycomprise a water-soluble herbicide in a concentration between about 10and about 60% by weight of the composition, a surfactant component in aconcentration between about 0.5 and about 30% by weight of thecomposition and a stabilizer and/or a solvent component. Theconcentrations of the stabilizer and the solvent component are between 0and about 30% and 0 and about 15% by weight of the composition,respectively.

[0054] In one embodiment of the invention the liquid concentratecomposition preferably comprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereofin a concentration between about 25 and about 50% by weight of thecomposition, a surfactant component in a concentration between about 1and about 30% by weight of the composition, and a stabilizer in aconcentration between about 0.01 and about 25% by weight of thecomposition. Even more preferably, the composition comprises glyphosateor a salt or ester thereof in a concentration between about 30 and about47% by weight of the composition, a surfactant component in aconcentration between about 2 and about 17% by weight of thecomposition, and a stabilizer in a concentration between about 0.05 andabout 20% by weight of the composition. Most preferably, the compositioncomprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof in a concentrationbetween about 32 and about 44% by weight of the composition, asurfactant component in a concentration between about 3 and about 15% byweight of the composition, and a stabilizer in a concentration betweenabout 0.1 and about 15% by weight of the composition.

[0055] In another embodiment of the invention the liquid concentratecomposition of the invention preferably comprises glyphosate or a saltor ester thereof in a concentration between about 25 and about 50% byweight of the composition, a surfactant component in a concentrationbetween about 1 and about 30% by weight of the composition, and asolvent component in a concentration between about 0.01 and about 10% byweight of the composition. Even more preferably, the compositioncomprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof in a concentrationbetween about 30 and about 47% by weight of the composition, asurfactant component in a concentration between about 2 and about 17% byweight of the composition, and a solvent component in a concentrationbetween about 0.05 and about 7% by weight of the composition. Mostpreferably, the composition comprises glyphosate or a salt or esterthereof in a concentration between about 32 and about 44% by weight ofthe composition, a surfactant component in a concentration between about3 and about 15% by weight of the composition, and a solvent component ina concentration between about 0.1 and about 5% by weight of thecomposition.

[0056] In yet another embodiment of the invention the liquid concentratecomposition of the invention preferably comprises glyphosate or a saltor ester thereof in a concentration between about 25 and about 50% byweight of the composition, a surfactant component in a concentrationbetween about 1 and about 30% by weight of the composition, a stabilizerin a concentration between about 0.01 and about 25% by weight of thecomposition, and a solvent component in a concentration between about0.01 and about 10% by weight of the composition. Even more preferably,the composition comprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof in aconcentration between about 30 and about 47% by weight of thecomposition, a surfactant component in a concentration between about 2and about 17% by weight of the composition, a stabilizer in aconcentration between about 0.05 and about 20% by weight of thecomposition, and a solvent component in a concentration between about0.05 and about 7% by weight of the composition. Most preferably, thecomposition comprises glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof in aconcentration between about 32 and about 44% by weight of thecomposition, a surfactant component in a concentration between about 3and about 15% by weight of the composition, a stabilizer in aconcentration between about 0.1 and about 15% by weight of thecomposition, and a solvent component in a concentration between about0.1 and about 5% by weight of the composition.

[0057] Compositions of the invention have a viscosity of not greaterthan about 1000 cPs at 10° C., preferably not greater than about 900 cPsat 10° C., more preferably not greater than about 800, 700, 600, 500,400 or 300 cPs at 10° C., and even more preferably not greater thanabout 200 cPs at 10° C., at 45/s shear rate.

[0058] The term “water-soluble” as used herein in relation to aherbicide or salt or ester thereof means having a solubility indeionized water at 20° C. of not less than about 50 g/l. Preferredwater-soluble herbicides have a solubility in deionized water at 20° C.of not less than about 200 g/l. Particularly preferred water-solubleherbicides have a herbicidal active acid or anionic moiety and are mostusefully present in a composition of the invention in the form of one ormore water-soluble salts. The aqueous phase of the composition canoptionally contain, in addition to the water-soluble herbicide, othersalts contributing to the ionic strength of the aqueous phase.

[0059] A particularly preferred group of water-soluble herbicides arethose that are normally applied post-emergence to the foliage of plants.While the invention is not limited to any particular class offoliar-applied water-soluble herbicide, it has been found to provideuseful benefits for compounds that rely at least in part for theirherbicidal effectiveness on systemic movement in plants. Systemicmovement in plants can take place via apoplastic (non-living) pathways,including within xylem vessels and in intercellular spaces and cellwalls, via symplastic (living) pathways, including within phloemelements and other tissues composed of cells connected symplastically byplasmodesmata, or via both apoplastic and symplastic pathways. Forfoliar-applied systemic herbicides, the most important pathway is thephloem, and the present invention is believed to provide the greatestbenefits where the water-soluble herbicide is phloem-mobile. However,compositions of the invention can also be useful where the water-solubleherbicide is non-systemic, as in the case of paraquat.

[0060] Water-soluble herbicides suitable for use in compositions of theinvention include acifluorfen, acrolein, amitrole, asulam, benazolin,bentazon, bialaphos, bromacil, bromoxynil, chloramben, chloroaceticacid, clopyralid, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dalapon, dicamba, dichlorprop,difenzoquat, diquat, endothall, fenac, fenoxaprop, flamprop,flumiclorac, fluoroglycofen, flupropanate, fomesafen, fosamine,glufosinate, glyphosate, imazameth, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic,imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, ioxynil, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop,methylarsonic acid, naptalam, nonanoic acid, paraquat, picloram,quinclorac, sulfamic acid, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA, triclopyr and water-solublesalts thereof.

[0061] Phloem-mobile herbicides that are preferred for use incompositions of the invention include but are not limited toaminotriazole, asulam, bialaphos, clopyralid, dicamba, glufosinate,glyphosate, imidazolinones such as imazameth, imazamethabenz, imazamox,imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin and imazethapyr, phenoxies such as 2,4-D,2,4-DB, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPB and mecoprop, picloram and triclopyr. Aparticularly preferred group of water-soluble herbicides are salts ofbialaphos, glufosinate and glyphosate. Another particularly preferredgroup of water-soluble herbicides are salts of imidazolinone herbicides.

[0062] Compositions of the invention can optionally contain more thanone water-soluble herbicide in solution in the aqueous phase.

[0063] An especially preferred water-soluble herbicide useful in acomposition of the present invention is glyphosate, the acid form ofwhich is alternatively known as N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine. For example,glyphosate salts useful in compositions of the present invention aredisclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,799,758 and 4,405,531. Glyphosate saltsthat can be used according to the present invention include but are notrestricted to alkali metal, for example sodium and potassium, salts;ammonium salt; C₁₋₆ alkylammonium, for example dimethylammonium andisopropylammonium, salts; C₁₋₆ alkanolammonium, for examplemonoethanolammonium, salt; C₁₋₆ alkylsulfonium, for exampletrimethylsulfonium, salts; and mixtures thereof. TheN-phosphonomethylglycine molecule has three acid sites having differentpKa values; accordingly mono-, di- and tribasic salts, or any mixturethereof, or salts of any intermediate level of neutralization, can beused. Especially preferred glyphosate salts include the potassium salt,isopropylamine salt, ammonium salt, diammonium salt, monoethanolaminesalt, and trimethylsulfonium salt. The potassium salt is most preferred.

[0064] The relative amount of potassium glyphosate loading in themicroemulsion herbicidal composition of the present invention will varydepending upon many factors including the surfactant system andstabilizers employed, the rheological characteristics of thecomposition, and the temperature range at which the composition will beexposed. The potassium glyphosate loading in the herbicidal compositionsof the invention is preferably at least 320 g a.e./L, and morepreferably at least 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420,430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560,570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690 or 700 ga.e./L.

[0065] The stabilizers of the invention generally function byfacilitating the dispersion of the composition surfactants within thewater containing dissolved glyphosate. The stabilizers allowsurfactants, in the presence of salts or electrolytes, to be added andsubsequently dispersed into water at higher concentrations or at lowerviscosities of the formulation than is otherwise achieved using onlysurfactant and water. Suitable stabilizers include primary, secondary ortertiary C₄ to C₁₆ alkyl or aryl amine compounds, or the correspondingquaternary ammonium compounds. Such stabilizers greatly enhance thecompatibility of certain glyphosate salts (e.g., potassium orisopropylamine) with surfactants that otherwise exhibit low or marginalcompatibility at a given glyphosate loading. Suitable alkyl or arylamine compounds may also contain 0 to about 5 C₂-C₄ alkylene oxidegroups, preferably ethylene oxide groups. Preferred alkylamine compoundsinclude C₆ to C₁₂ alkylamines having 0 to 2 ethylene oxide groups.Similarly, etheramine compounds having 4 to 12 carbons and 0 to about 5ethylene oxide groups, as well as the corresponding quaternary ammoniumcompounds, also enhance the compatibility of such formulations. In oneembodiment, the compounds which enhance the compatibility of suchsurfactants include amines or quaternary ammonium salts having theformula:

[0066] wherein R¹ is linear or branched alkyl or aryl having from about4 to about 16 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or—(CH₂CH₂O)_(x)H, R³ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or —(CH₂CH₂O)_(y)Hwherein the sum of x and y is not more than about 5; R⁴ is hydrogen ormethyl; R⁶ in each of the n (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄alkylene; R⁵ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from2 to about 6 carbon atoms; and A— is an agriculturally acceptable anion.Non-limiting examples include, mixed C₈₋₁₆ alkyl amine (Armeen C),dimethylcocoamine (Arquad DMCD), cocoammonium chloride (Arquad C), PEG 2cocoamine (Ethomeen C12), and PEG 5 cocoamine (Ethomeen C15), all ofwhich are manufactured by Akzo Nobel, hexylamine, dimethylhexylamine,octylamine, dimethyloctylamine, dodecyltrimethyl amide and C₄₋₈ trialkylamines. The most preferred stabilizer is octyamine.

[0067] In high load glyphosate formulations it is preferred to add thestabilizers in a weight ratio of surfactant:stabilizer between about 1:2and about 100:1, and more preferably between about 1:1 and about 8:1. Aparticularly preferred range is between about 1.5:1 and about 6:1.

[0068] The substantially water-immiscible organic solvent of theinvention is any solvent which has a solubility in water of less thanabout 10% w/w, and has a specific gravity between about 0.7 and about1.2. The solvents aid in the formation of a microemulsion, and increasethe dispersability of hydrophobic surfactants or surfactants with ahydrophobic moiety in the aqueous carrier phase. Preferred hydrophobicsolvents have a solubility in water of less than about 7% w/w, morepreferably less than about 5% w/w, and most preferably less than about1% w/w. These solvents additionally have a specific gravity betweenabout 0.7 and 1.2, more preferably between about 0.7 and 1.15, and mostpreferably between about 0.7 and 1.1. Non-limiting examples of preferredhydrophobic solvents include toluene, xylene, cyclohexane,dichloromethane, dichlorobenzene, perchloroethylene, petroleum naphthas,mineral oil, fuel oil, vegetable oil and kerosine. Preferred hydrophobicsolvents include toluene, xylenes, petroleum naphthas and oils.Commercially available preferred solvents include Aromatic 150 (fromExxon) and Isopar L (from Exxon). Preferred solvents include aliphatichydrocarbons, halogenated alkyls, aryl hydrocarbons, or mixturesthereof. Examples of commercially available organic solvents includeAromatic 150 (from Exxon) and Isopar L (from Exxon).

[0069] Compositions of the invention can optionally contain one or morewater-insoluble herbicides in solution in the solvent or in suspensionin a concentration that is biologically effective when the compositionis diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the foliage of asusceptible plant. Preferred water-insoluble herbicide is selected fromthe group consisting of acetochlor, aclonifen, alachlor, ametryn,amidosulfuron, anilofos, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron,benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, benzfendizone,benzofenap, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, butachlor, butafenacil,butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole,carfentrazone-ethyl, carbetamide, chlorbromuron, chloridazon,chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorotoluron, chlornitrofen, chlorotoluron,chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamid,cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clethodim,clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, cloransulam-methyl,cyanazine, cycloate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl,daimuron, desmedipham, desmetryn, dichlobenil, diclofop-methyl,diflufenican, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn,dimethenamid, dinitramine, dinoterb, diphenamid, dithiopyr, diuron,EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethofumesate,ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenuron, flamprop-methyl,flazasulfuron, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazoate,fluchloralin, flumetsulam, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron,fluorochloridone, flupoxam, flurenol, fluridone,fluroxypyr-1-methylheptyl, flurtamone, fluthiacet-methyl, graminicides,halosulfuron, haloxyfop, hexazinone, imazosuifuron, indanofan,isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, lenacil,linuron, mefenacet, metamitron, metazachlor, methabenzthiazuron,methyldymron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, Smetolachlor,metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, monolinuron,naproanilide, napropamide, neburon, nicosulfuron, norflurazon,orbencarb, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, pebulate,pendimethalin, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, phenmedipham, piperophos,pretilachlor, primisulfuron, prodiamine, profluazol, prometon,prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham,propisochlor, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraflufen-ethyl,pyrazogyl, pyrazolynate, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen,pyributicarb, pyridate, pyriminobac-methyl, quinclorac, quinmerac,quizalofop, quizalofop-P, rimsulfuron, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine,simetryn, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron,tebutam, tebuthiuron, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbumeton,terbuthylazine, terbutryn, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thidiazimin,thifensulfuron, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, tralkoxydim, triallate,triasulfuron, tribenuron, trietazine, trifluralin, triflusulfuron andvernolate.

[0070] Preferred cationic and nonionic surfactants effective informulating herbicidal compositions and concentrates of the invention,particularly in formulating compositions and concentrates containingpotassium, ammonium or diammonium glyphosate, are listed below.

[0071] Cationic surfactants effective in forming herbicide formulationsinclude:

[0072] (a) aminated alkoxylated alcohol having the formula:

[0073] wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) and y(R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ and R⁶ are eachindependently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substitutedhydrocarbyl, —(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷, —C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²RR¹³, —C(═O)NR¹²R¹³,—(R⁶), —C(O)OR⁷, —C(═S)NR¹²R¹³ or together with R⁵ and the nitrogen atomto which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R⁵ ishydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, —(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷,—C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³, —C(═O)NR¹²R¹³, —(R⁶)_(n),—C(O)OR⁷, —C(═S)NR¹²R¹³, ortogether with R⁴ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, forma cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branchedalkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ arehydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl, R¹⁴ is hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, —(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷,—C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³, —C(═O)NR¹²R¹³, or —C(═S)NR¹²R¹³, n is 0 or 1, x and yare independently an average number from 1 to about 60, and A— is anagriculturally acceptable anion. In this context, preferred R¹, R³, R⁴,R⁵, R⁶, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linearor branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene),linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl(aralkylene) groups. In one embodiment, R³ is linear alkylene,preferably ethylene, and R¹, R², R⁴ and R⁷ are as previously defined. Inanother embodiment, R⁴ is H, alkyl, or —R²OR⁷ and R¹, R², R³, R⁵ and R⁷are as previously defined. In yet another embodiment, R¹ is a linear orbranched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from about 8to about 25 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is a linear or branched alkylene grouphaving from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁴ and R⁵ are each independentlyhydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms, and x is an average number from 1 to about 30. Morepreferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 12to about 22 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently ethylene or propylene, R³ is a linear or branched alkylenegroup having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R⁴ and R⁵ are eachindependently hydrogen, methyl, or tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl, and x isan average number from about 2 to about 30. Even more preferably, R¹ isa linear or branched alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbonatoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently ethylene orpropylene, R³ is an ethylene or a 2-hydroxypropylene group, R⁴ and R⁵are each independently hydrogen or methyl, and x is an average numberfrom about 4 to about 20. Most preferably, R¹ is a linear or branchedalkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, R² in each ofthe x (R²O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³ is anethylene or a 2-hydroxypropylene group, R⁴ and R⁵ are methyl, and x isan average number from about 4 to about 20. Compounds of formula (2)have the preferred groups as described above and R¹⁴ is preferablyhydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group, more preferablyalkyl, and most preferably methyl. Preferred monoalkoxylated aminesinclude PEG 13 or 18 C₁₄₋₁₅ ether propylamines and PEG 7, 10, 15 or 20C₁₆₋₁₈ ether propylamines (from Tomah) and PEG 13 or 18 C₁₄₋₁₅ etherdimethyl propylamines and PEG 10, 15 or 20 or 25 C₁₀₋₁₀ ether dimethylpropylamines (from Tomah).

[0074] (b) hydroxylated amides having the formula:

[0075] wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having fromabout 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and R³is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl. In thiscontext, preferred R¹ and R² hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branchedalkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, oraralkyl groups. Preferably, the hydroxylated amides have the formula:

[0076] wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having fromabout 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and n is1 to about 8. In this context, preferred R¹ and R² hydrocarbyl groupsare linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear orbranched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups. Preferably, R¹ is a linear orbranched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from about 8to about 30 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl orlinear or branched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,and n is about 4 to about 8; or R¹ and R² are independently linear orbranched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl groups having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms and n is about 4 to about 8. More preferably,R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl grouphaving from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen or a linearor branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from 1 toabout 6 carbon atoms, and n is about 4 to about 8; or R¹ and R² areindependently linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenylgroups having from about 4 to about 8 carbon atoms, and n is about 4 toabout 8.

[0077] (c) diamines having the formula:

[0078] wherein R¹, R² and R¹ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or—R⁸(OR⁹)_(n)OR¹⁰, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylenehaving from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, R⁸ and R⁹ are individuallyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 4carbon atoms, R⁴ and R¹⁰ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about 40, and X is —C(O)—or—SO₂—. In this context, preferred R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R¹⁰ hydrocarbyl(hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linearor branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl(alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups.

[0079] Preferably, R¹, R², R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, alinear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms, and R³ is a linear or branched alkylene having from 2 toabout 6 carbon atoms. More preferably, R¹, R², R⁴ and R⁵ areindependently hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and R³ is a linear or branched alkylenehaving from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms. Most preferably, R¹, R², R⁴, andR⁵ are independently hydrogen or methyl, and R³ is ethylene orpropylene.

[0080] (d) mono- or di-ammonium salts having the formula:

[0081] wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms or —R⁸(OR⁹)_(n)OR¹⁰, R⁶ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R³ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁸and R⁹ are individually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylenehaving from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, R¹⁰ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about 40, X is —C(O)—or —SO₂—, Zis —C(O)—, and A⁻ is an agriculturally acceptable anion. In thiscontext, preferred R¹-R¹⁰ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linearor branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene),linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl(aralkylene) groups. Preferably, R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵and R⁷ are independentlyhydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having from 1to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁶ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenylgroup having from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, and R³is a linear or branched alkylene having from 2 to about 22 carbon atoms.More preferably, R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁶is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 8 to about 22carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, and R³ is a linear or branched alkylenehaving from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms. Most preferably, R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵and R⁷ are independently hydrogen or methyl, R⁶ is a linear or branchedalkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1,and R³ is ethylene or propylene.

[0082] (e) poly(hydroxyalkyl)amines having the formula:

[0083] wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having fromabout 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or —R⁴OR⁵, R² is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, R³ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl,R⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 toabout 18 carbon atoms, and R⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms. Preferably, thepoly(hydroxyalkyl)amines have the formula:

[0084] wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having fromabout 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or —R³ OR⁴; R² is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2to about 18 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁵ is—(R⁶O)_(y)R⁷;R⁶ in each of the y(R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄alkylene; R⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 toabout 4 carbon atoms; y is an average number from 0 to about 30, m and nare independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is notgreater than about 7, and p is an integer from 1 to about 8. In thiscontext, preferred R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene)groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branchedalkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl(arylene), or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. Preferably, R¹ is a linear orbranched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from about 8to about 30 carbon atoms or —R³OR⁴, R² is hydrogen, a linear or branchedalkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, R³ is a linear or branched alkylene or alkenylene grouphaving from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R³ is a linear or branched alkylor alkenyl group having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, m and nare independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is fromabout 3 to 7, and p is an integer from about 4 to about 8; or R¹ and R²are independently linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenylgroups having from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, m and n areindependently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is fromabout 3 to 7, and p is an integer from about 4 to about 8. Morepreferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branchedalkenyl group having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms or —R³OR⁴, R²is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenylgroup having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R³ is a linear or branchedalkylene or alkenylene group having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁴is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having from about 8 toabout 18 carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 toabout 7, the sum of m and n is from about 3 to 7, and p is an integerfrom about 4 to about 8; or R¹ and R² are independently linear orbranched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl groups having from about 4to about 8 carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 toabout 7, the sum of m and n is from about 3 to 7, and p is an integerfrom about 4 to about 8. Even more preferably, R¹ is a linear orbranched alkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms or—R³OR⁴, R² is hydrogen or methyl, m and n are independently integersfrom 0 to about 4, R³ is a linear or branched alkylene group having from2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, the sum of m and n is about 4,and p is an integer of about 4. Most preferably, R¹ is a linear orbranched alkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms orR³OR⁴, R² is methyl, R³ is ethylene, propylene, hydroxyethylene or2-hydroxypropylene, R⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group having fromabout 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, m and n are independently integersfrom 0 to about 4, the sum of m and n is about 4, and p is an integer ofabout 4. Such compounds are commercially available from Aldrich andClariant.

[0085] (f) alkoxylated poly(hydroxyalkyl)amines having the formula:

[0086] wherein R¹ and R³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² ineach of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁴ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, R⁵ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, orpoly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl; x is an average number from 0 to about 30, andy is 0 or 1. In this context, preferred R¹, R³, and R⁴ hydrocarbyl(hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linearor branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl(alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl (aralkylene) group. Preferredalkoxylated poly(hydroxyalkyl)amines have the formula:

[0087] wherein R¹ and R³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² ineach of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁴ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, thesum of m and n is not greater than about 7, p is an integer from 1 toabout 8, x is an average number from 0 to about 30, and y is 0 or 1. inthis context, preferred R¹, R³, and R⁴ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene)groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branchedalkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl(arylene), or aralkyl (aralkylene) group. Preferably, R¹ is a linear orbranched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from about 8to about 30 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ is hydrogen, a linear or branched alkylor linear or branched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms; R⁴ is a linear or branched alkylene having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, thesum of m and n is from about 3 to 7, p is an integer from 1 to about 8,x is an average number from 0 to about 30, and y is 0 or 1. Morepreferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 8to about 22 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently ethylene or propylene; R³ is hydrogen, or a linear orbranched alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁴ is alinear or branched alkylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, m andn are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n isfrom about 3 to 7, p is an integer from 1 to about 8, x is an averagenumber from 0 to about 30, and y is 0 or 1. Most preferably, R¹ is alinear or branched alkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbonatoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently ethylene orpropylene; R³ is hydrogen or methyl; m and n are independently integersfrom 0 to about 7, the sum of m and n is from about 3 to 7, p is aninteger from 1 to about 8, x is an average number from 0 to about 30,and y is 0.

[0088] (g) di-poly(hydroxyalkyl)amine having the formula:

[0089] wherein R¹ and R³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 18carbon atoms, and R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydroxyalkyl,polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl. In this context, preferredR¹, R², and R³ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear orbranched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene),linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl(aralkylene) groups. Preferably, the di-poly(hydroxyalkyl)amine has theformula:

[0090] wherein R¹ and R³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 18carbon atoms, and m and n are independently integers from 1 to about 8.In this context, preferred R¹, R², and R³ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene)groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branchedalkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl(arylene), or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. Preferably, R¹ and R³ areindependently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1to about 18 carbon atoms, R² is a linear or branched alkylene or linearor branched alkenylene group having from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, andm and n are independently integers from 1 to about 8. More preferably,R¹ and R³ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl grouphaving from 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, R² is a linear or branchedalkylene group having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, and m and n areindependently integers from about 4 to about 8; or R¹ and R³ areindependently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1to about 4 carbon atoms, R² is a linear or branched alkylene grouphaving from 2 to about 16 carbon atoms, and m and n are independentlyintegers from about 4 to about 8. Most preferably, R¹ and R³ areindependently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 6to about 12 carbon atoms, R² is ethylene or propylene, and m and n areindependently integers from about 4 to about 8; or R¹ and R³ areindependently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1to about 4 carbon atoms, R² is a linear or branched alkylene grouphaving from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, and m and n are independentlyintegers from about 4 to about 8.

[0091] (h) quaternary poly(hydroxyalkyl)amine salts having the formula:

[0092] wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having fromabout 4 to about 30 carbon atoms or —X_(m)—(R⁴O)_(y)R⁵, R² and R³ areindependently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl,or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl, X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; R⁴in each of the y(R⁴O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁵ ishydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbonatoms; X is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2to about 18 carbon toms; m is 0 or 1; and y is an average number from 0to about 30. In this context, preferred R¹, R², and R³ hydrocarbylgroups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linearor branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups. Preferably, the quaternarypoly(hydroxyalkyl) amine salts have the formula:

[0093] wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having fromabout 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² and R³ are independently hydrogenor hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, thesum of m and n is not greater than about 7, p is an integer from 1 toabout 8, and X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion. In this context,preferred R¹, R², and R³ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branchedalkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, oraralkyl groups. Preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linearor branched alkenyl group having from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms,R² and R³ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl orlinear or branched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and nis from about 3 to 7, and p is an integer from about 4 to about 8; orR¹, R² and R³ are independently linear or branched alkyl or linear orbranched alkenyl groups having from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, mand n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and nis not greater than about 7, and p is an integer from about 4 to about8. More preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear orbranched alkenyl group having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R²and R³ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl orlinear or branched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms,m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and nis from about 3 to 7, and p is an integer from about 4 to about 8; orR¹, R² and R³ are independently linear or branched alkyl or linear orbranched alkenyl groups having from about 4 to about 8 carbon atoms, mand n are independently integers from 0 to about 7, the sum of m and nis from about 3 to 7, and p is an integer from about 4 to about 8. Evenmore preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having fromabout 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R² and R³ are independently hydrogenor methyl, m and n are independently integers from 0 to about 4, the sumof m and n is about 4, and p is an integer of about 4. Most preferably,R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 8 to about 18carbon atoms, R² and R³ are methyl, m and n are independently integersfrom 0 to about 4, the sum of m and n is about 4, and p is an integer ofabout 4.

[0094] (i) triamines having the formula:

[0095] wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R², R³, R⁴ and R¹ are independentlyhydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about30 carbon atoms, or —(R⁸)_(s)(R⁷O)_(n)R⁶; R⁶ is hydrogen or a linear orbranched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R⁷ in eachof the n (R⁷O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁸ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms, n is an average number from 1 to about 10, s is 0 or 1,and x and y are independently an integer from 1 to about 4. In thiscontext, preferred R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, and R⁵ hydrocarbyl(hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linearor branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl(alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups.Preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branchedalkenyl groups having from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, R², R³, R⁴and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl or linearor branched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R⁷O)_(n)R⁶, R⁶ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R⁷ in each of the n (R⁷O)groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, n is an average number from 1 toabout 10, and x and y are independently an integer from 1 to about 4.More preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having fromabout 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independentlyhydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms, or —(R⁷ )_(n)R⁶, R⁶ is hydrogen or methyl, R⁷ in each ofthe n (R⁷O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, n is anaverage number from 1 to about 5, and x and y are independently aninteger from 1 to about 4. Most preferably, R¹ is a linear or branchedalkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R², R³, R⁴ andR⁵ are independently hydrogen, or —(R⁷O)_(n)R⁶, R⁶ is hydrogen, R⁷ ineach of the n (R⁷O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, n isan average number from 1 to about 5, and x and y are independently aninteger from 1 to about 4. Commercially available triamines includeAcros and Clariant Genamin 3119.

[0096] (j) diamines having the formula:

[0097] wherein R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R⁶O), R⁷, R² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene havingfrom 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³—,—C(═O)NR¹²R¹³—,C(═S)NR¹²R¹³—, —C(═NR¹²)—, —C(S)—, or ——C(O)—, R⁶ in each of the x (R⁶O)and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁷ is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,R¹¹ R¹² and R¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 toabout 50, and y is an average number from 0 to about 60. In thiscontext, preferred R¹, R², R³, R⁴, and R⁵ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene)groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branchedalkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl(arylene), or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. Preferably, R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or linear orbranched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or—(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷ R² is a linear or branched alkylene or linear or branchedalkenylene group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁶ in each ofthe x(R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁷ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, and y is anaverage number from 0 to about 60. More preferably, R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms or —(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R² is a linear orbranched alkylene group having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁶in each of the x (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently ethylene orpropylene, R⁷ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about15, and y is an average number from 0 to about 60. Most preferably, R¹and R³ are independently linear or branched alkyl groups having fromabout 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and R⁴ and R⁵ are independentlyhydrogen, R² is a linear or branched alkylene group having from about 1to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁶ in each of the x (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups isindependently ethylene or propylene, R⁷ is hydrogen, or a linear orbranched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is anaverage number from 1 to about 10, and y is an average number from 0 toabout 50.

[0098] (k) mono- or di-quaternary ammonium salts having the formula:

[0099] wherein R¹, R¹, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸ and R⁹ are independently hydrogen,polyhydroxyalkyl, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R ⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R² is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ ineach of the x (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R⁷ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, y is anaverage number from about 3 to about 60, and X is an agriculturallyacceptable anion. In this context, preferred R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸ andR⁹ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl(alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branchedalkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups.Preferably, R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸ and R⁹ are independently hydrogen or alinear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having from about 1 to about22 carbon atoms or —(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R² is a linear or branched alkylene oralkenylene group having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁶ in eachof the x(R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁷ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, and y is anaverage number from 1 to about 60. More preferably, R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸and R⁹ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl grouphaving from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms or —(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R² is alinear or branched alkylene group having from about 1 to about 6 carbonatoms, R⁶ in each of the x (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independentlyethylene or propylene, R⁷ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkylgroup having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from1 to about 10, and y is an average number from 1 to about 60. Mostpreferably, R¹ and R³ are independently linear or branched alkyl groupshaving from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and R⁴, R⁵, R⁸ and R⁹ areindependently hydrogen or methyl, R² is a linear or branched alkylenegroup having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁶ in each of the x(R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R⁷ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 1 0, and y is anaverage number from 10 to about 50.

[0100] (l) a secondary or tertiary amine having the formula:

[0101] wherein R¹ and R² are hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, and R³ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about30 carbon atoms. In this context, preferred R¹, R², and R³ hydrocarbylgroups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linearor branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups. Preferably, R¹ is a linearor branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from about8 to about 30 carbon atoms, and R² and R³ are independently hydrogen ora linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group havingfrom 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. More preferably, R¹ is a linear orbranched alkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, andR² and R³ are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl. In one embodimentof the amine of formula (27), R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl grouphaving from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, and R² and R³ areindependently linear or branched hydroxyalkyl groups having from 1 toabout 6 carbon atoms.

[0102] In one embodiment, the surfactant has the formula (31) wherein R¹is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 8 to about30 carbon atoms, R² is a hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl orpoly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl group, and R³ is hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl,polyhydroxyalkyl or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl. In this context, preferredR¹ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branchedalkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups. In oneembodiment, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl, linear or branchedalkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkyl group having fromabout 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² is a linear or branchedhydroxyalkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and R³ ishydrogen or a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group having from 1 toabout 6 carbon atoms. Preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl,linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkylgroup having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² is a linear orbranched hydroxyalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, andR³ is hydrogen or a linear or branched hydroxyalkyl group having from 1to about 4 carbon atoms. More preferably, R¹ is a linear or branchedalkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, oraralkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R² ishydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl, and R³ is hydrogen, hydroxymethyl orhydroxyethyl.

[0103] (m) monoalkylated amines having the formula:

[0104] wherein R¹ and R⁴ are independently hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or —R⁵SR⁶, R²in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4carbon atoms, R⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 6to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylgroup having from 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x is an average numberfrom 1 to about 60. In this context, preferred R¹, R⁴, and R⁶hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branchedalkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups. In oneembodiment, R¹ includes from about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms,preferably from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, and the remaininggroups are as described above. Preferably, R¹ and R⁴ are independently alinear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from1 to about 25 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and x isan average number from 1 to about 40. More preferably, R¹ and R⁴ areindependently a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 22carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently ethyleneor propylene, R³ is hydrogen or methyl, and x is an average number from1 to about 30. Even more preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkylgroup having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and R⁴ is a linear orbranched alkyl group having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² in eachof the x (R²O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³ ishydrogen or methyl, and x is an average number from about 1 to about 10.Most preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having fromabout 16 to about 22 carbon atoms and R⁴ is methyl, R² in each of the x(R²O) groups is ethylene, R³ is hydrogen, and x is an average numberfrom about 1 to about 5, or R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl grouphaving from about 8 to about 15 carbon atoms and R⁴ is methyl, R² ineach of the x (R²O) groups is ethylene, R³ is hydrogen, and x is anaverage number from about 5 to about 10.

[0105] (n) dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts having the formula:

[0106] wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O) groupsis independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, x and y are independently an average number from 1 to about 40,and X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion. In this context, preferredR¹ and R⁴ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear orbranched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups.Preferably, R¹ and R⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl orlinear or branched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms,R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and the sum of x and y is anaverage number from about 2 to about 30. More preferably, R¹ and R⁴ areindependently a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 22carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O) groups isindependently ethylene or propylene, R³ is hydrogen or methyl, and thesum of x any y is an average number from about 2 to about 20. Even morepreferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 8to about 22 carbon atoms and R⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl grouphaving from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) and y(R²O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³ is hydrogen ormethyl, and x is an average number from about 2 to about 20. Mostpreferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 8to about 22 carbon atoms and R⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl grouphaving from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) and y(R²O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³ is hydrogen ormethyl, and x is an average number from about 2 to about 15, or R¹ andR⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having from about8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O) groupsis independently ethylene or propylene, R³ is hydrogen or methyl, and xis an average number from about 5 to about 15. Preferred dialkoxylatedquaternary ammonium surfactants include Ethoquad™ C12 (a PEG 2 cocomethyl ammonium chloride from Akzo Nobel), Ethoquad™ C15 (a PEG 5 tallowammonium chloride from Akzo Nobel), Ethoquad™ T25 (a PEG 15 tallowmethyl ammonium chloride from Akzo Nobel), PEG 5 coco methyl ammoniumchloride, PEG 5 tallow methyl ammonium chloride, PEG 5 ditallow ammoniumbromide, PEG 10 ditallow ammonium bromide, di-dodecyl diEO 10 ammoniumbromide, di-coco di EO (15) ammonium chloride, di-dodecyl di EO (15)ammonium chloride, di-dodecyl di EO (10) ammonium bromide, dialkyl(tallow and stearyl) di EO (19.6) ammonium bromide, polypropyleneglycol-40 diethyl ammonium chloride (Emcol CC-42 from CK Witco),polypropylene glycol-55 diethyl ammonium chloride (Emcol CC-55 from CKWitco) and tallow methyl EO (8) ammonium chloride.

[0107] (o) monoalkoxylated quatemary ammonium salts having the formula:

[0108] wherein R¹ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁴ ishydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 60, and X—is an agriculturally acceptable anion. In this context, preferred R¹,R⁴, and R⁵ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branched alkyl, linear orbranched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups.Preferably, R¹, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently a linear or branched alkylor linear or branched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 25 carbonatoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and x is an average number from 1 toabout 40. More preferably, R¹, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently a linear orbranched alkyl group having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² in eachof the x (R²O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³ ishydrogen or methyl, and x is an average number from 1 to about 30. Evenmore preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having fromabout 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently ethylene or propylene, R³ is hydrogen or methyl, R⁴ and R⁵are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 22 carbon atoms, and x is an average number from 1 to about 30.Even more preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having fromabout 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently ethylene or propylene, R³ is hydrogen or methyl, R⁴ and R⁵are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 6 carbon atoms, and x is an average number from about 5 to about25. Most preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having fromabout 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently ethylene or propylene, R³ is hydrogen or methyl, R⁴ and R⁵are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 3 carbon atoms, and x is an average number from about 5 to about25. Preferred monoalkoxylated quaternary ammonium surfactants includePEG 7 C₁₈ dimethyl ammonium chloride and PEG 22 C₁₈ dimethyl ammoniumchloride.

[0109] (p) quaternary ammonium salts having the formula:

[0110] wherein R¹, R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² ishydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, and X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion. In this context,preferred R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ hydrocarbyl groups are linear or branchedalkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, oraralkyl groups. Preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linearor branched alkenyl group having from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms,and R², R³ and R⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl or linearor branched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms. Morepreferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branchedalkenyl group having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, and R², R³and R⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl or linear orbranched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Even morepreferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 8to about 16 carbon atoms, and R², R³ and R⁴ are independently a linearor branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Mostpreferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 8to about 14 carbon atoms, and R², R³ and R⁴ are methyl. Preferredcommercially available quaternary ammonium surfactants include Arquad™C-50 (a dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride from Akzo Nobel) and Arquad™T-50 (a tallow trimethyl ammonium chloride from Akzo Nobel).

[0111] (q) etheramines having the formula:

[0112] wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R² is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R³ and R⁴ areindependently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R⁵O)_(x)R⁶, R¹ in each of thex(R⁵—O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁶ is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms,and x is an average number from 1 to about 50. In this context,preferred R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups arelinear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl(alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene),or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. Preferably, R¹ is a linear or branchedalkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, oraralkyl group having from 8 to about 25 carbon atoms, R² is a linear orbranched alkylene or alkenylene group having from 2 to about 30 carbonatoms, R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl,linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkylgroup having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R⁵O)_(x)R⁶, R⁵ ineach of the x (R⁵O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁶ ishydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and x is an average number from 1 to about30. More preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl grouphaving from 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² is a linear or branchedalkylene or alkenylene group having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R³and R⁴ are independently hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl or alkenylgroup having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or —(R⁵O)_(x)R⁶, R⁵ in eachof the x (R⁵O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R⁶ ishydrogen or methyl, and x is an average number from 1 to about 15. Mostpreferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group havingfrom 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R² is ethylene or propylene, R³ and R⁴are independently hydrogen, methyl, or —(R⁵O)_(x)R⁶, R⁵ in each of the x(R⁵O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R⁶ is hydrogen, andx is an average number from 1 to about 5.

[0113] (r) diamines having the formula:

[0114] wherein R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R⁶O)_(y)R⁷; R² and R⁸ are independently hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ in each of thex (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁷ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, X is —O—,—N(R⁶)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R⁹)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R⁹)—, —S—, —SO—,or —SO₂—, y is 0 or an average number from 1 to about 30, n and z areindependently 0 or 1, and R⁹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl. In this context, preferred R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁹hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl(alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branchedalkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups.Preferably, R¹ and R⁴ are independently a linear or branched alkyl orlinear or branched alkenyl group having from about 1 to about 22 carbonatoms, R² and R⁸ are independently linear or branched alkylene groupshaving from about 2 to about 25 carbon atoms, R³ and R⁵ are eachindependently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1to about 6 carbon atoms and n, y and z are 0; or R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ areindependently hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl grouphaving from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R² is a linear or branchedalkylene or alkenylene group having from about 8 to about 25 carbonatoms, and n, y and z are 0; or R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are independentlyhydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having fromabout 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R² is a linear or branched alkylene oralkenylene group having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁶ in eachof the y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, y is an averagenumber from 1 to about 20 and n and z are 0; or R¹ and R³ areindependently a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenylgroup having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, is a linear orbranched alkylene group having from about 2 to about 25 carbon atoms;and R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently hydrogen, a linear or branchedalkyl or alkenyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or—(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R⁶ in each of the x (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄alkylene, R⁷ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about30, and n, y and z are 0; or R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linearor branched alkenyl group having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms,R² is a linear or branched alkylene group having from about 2 to about25 carbon atoms, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently hydrogen or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, Xis —C(O)—or —SO₂—, n and y are 0 and z is 1. More preferably, R¹ and R⁴are independently a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branchedalkenyl group having from about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms, R² is alinear or branched alkylene group having from about 2 to about 6 carbonatoms, R³ and R⁵ are each independently hydrogen or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and n, y and z are 0;or R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R² is a linearor branched alkylene group having from about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms,and y is 0; or R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen or a linearor branched alkyl group having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R²is a linear or branched alkylene group having from about 1 to about 6carbon atoms, R⁶ in each of the y (R⁶O) groups is independently ethyleneor propylene, y is an average number from 1 to about 10 and n and z is0; or R¹ and R³ are independently a linear or branched alkyl grouphaving from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² is a linear or branchedalkylene group having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, and R⁴ andR⁵ are each independently hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl grouphaving from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or —(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R⁶ in each ofthe x (R⁶O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R⁷ ishydrogen or methyl, x is an average number from 1 to about 15, and n, yand z are 0; or R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² is a linear or branched alkylene grouphaving from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are eachindependently hydrogen, X is —C(O)— or —SO₂—, n and y are 0 and z is 1.Preferred diamines include Gemini 14-2-14, Gemini 14-3-14, Gemini10-2-10, Gemini 10-3-10, Gemini 10-4-10, and Gemini 16-2-16 (C₁₀, C₁₄ orC₁₆ ethylene, propylene or butylene N-methyl diamines from Monsanto),Ethoduomeens™, and Jeffamine™ EDR-148.

[0115] (s) amine oxides having the formula:

[0116] wherein R¹, R² and R³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,—(R⁴O)_(x)R⁵, or —R⁶(OR⁴)_(x)OR⁵; R⁴ in each of the x (R⁴O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁵ is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ is ahydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 50, and the totalnumber of carbon atoms in R¹, R² and R³ is at least 8. In this context,preferred R¹, R², R³, R⁵ and R⁷ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups arelinear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl(alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene),or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. Preferably, R¹ and R² are independentlyhydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl grouphaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R⁴O)_(x)R⁵; R³ is a linearor branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from about8 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁴ in each of the x (R⁴O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁵ is hydrogen or a linear or branchedalkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, and x is an average number from 1 to about 30. Morepreferably, R¹ and R² are independently hydrogen, or a linear orbranched alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and R³ is alinear or branched alkyl group having from about 8 to about 22 carbonatoms; or R¹ and R² are independently —(R⁴O)_(x)R⁵, R³ is a linear orbranched alkyl group having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R⁴ ineach of the x (R⁴O) groups is ethylene or propylene, R⁵ is hydrogen or alinear or branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and x is an average number from 1 to about10. Most preferably, R¹ and R² are independently methyl, and R³ is alinear or branched alkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbonatoms; or R¹ and R² are independently —(R⁴O)_(x)R⁵, R³ is a linear orbranched alkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, R⁴ ineach of the x (R⁴O) groups is ethylene or propylene, R⁵ is hydrogen oran alkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and x is anaverage number from 1 to about 5. Commercially available amine oxidesurfactants include Chemoxide L70.

[0117] (t) alkoxylated amine oxides having the formula:

[0118] wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) and y(R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ is a hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁴ andR⁵ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms,—(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷; R⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁷ is hydrogenor a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, nis 0 or 1, and x and y are independently an average number from 1 toabout 60. In this context, preferred R¹, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ hydrocarbyl(hydrocarbylene) groups include linear or branched alkyl (alkylene),linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl(alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups.Preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or linear or branchedalkenyl group having from about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms, R² in eachof the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is a linear orbranched alkylene or alkenylene group having from 2 to about 6 carbonatoms, R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently hydrogen or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and x is an averagenumber from 1 to about 30. More preferably, R¹ is a linear or branchedalkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² in each ofthe x (R²O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³ is alinear or branched alkylene or alkenylene group having from 2 to about 6carbon atoms, R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently hydrogen, methyl, ortris(hydroxymethyl)methyl, and x is an average number from about 2 toabout 30. Even more preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl grouphaving from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O)groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³ is an ethylene,propylene or 2-hydroxypropylene group, R⁴ and R⁵ are each independentlyhydrogen or methyl, and x is an average number from about 4 to about 20.Most preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group having fromabout 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently ethylene or propylene, R³ is an ethylene, propylene, or2-hydroxypropylene group, R⁴ and R⁵ are methyl, and x is an averagenumber from about 4 to about 20.

[0119] (u) dialkoxylated amines having the formula:

[0120] wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, —R⁴SR⁵, or —(R²O)_(z)R³, R² ineach of the x (R²O), y (R²O) z (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl grouphaving from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁵ is a linear or branchedalkyl group having from about 4 to about 15 carbon atoms, and x, y and zare independently an average number from 1 to about 40. In this context,preferred R¹ hydrocarbyl groups are hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl,linear or branched alkenyl, linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkylgroups. Preferably, R¹ is hydrogen, a linear or branched alkynyl, aryl,or aralkyl group having from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² ineach of the x (R²O), y (R²O) and z (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and x and y are independentlyan average number from 1 to about 20. More preferably, R¹ is hydrogen ora linear or branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkyl group having from about 8to about 25 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O), y (R²O) and z (R²O)groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³ is hydrogen or methyl,and x and y are independently an average number from 1 to about 30. Evenmore preferably, R¹ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkynyl, aryl,or aralkyl group having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² ineach of the x (R²O), y (R²O) and z (R²O) groups is independentlyethylene or propylene, R³ is hydrogen or methyl, and x and y areindependently an average number from 1 to about 5. Preferredcommercially available dialkoxylated amines include Trymeen™ 6617 (fromCognis), TAM 45, 60, 80 and 105 (from Witco), and Ethomeen™ C/12, C/15,C/20, C/25, T/12, T/15, T/20 and T/25 (from Akzo Nobel).

[0121] and (v) aminated alkoxylated alcohols having the followingchemical structure:

[0122] wherein R¹, R⁷, R⁸, and R⁹ are each independently hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, or —(R¹¹)_(s)(R³O)_(v)R¹⁰; X is —O—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—,—N(R¹²)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R¹²)—, —S—, —SO—, —SO₂— or —N(R⁹)—; R³ in each ofthe n (R³O) groups and the v (R³O) groups is independently C₂-C₄alkylene; R¹⁰ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about60; v is an average number from 1 to about 50; R² and R¹¹ are eachindependently hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R¹² is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms; m and s are each independently 0 or 1; R⁶ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms,—C(═NR¹²)—, —C(S)—, or —C(O)—; q is an integer from 0 to 5; and R⁵ ishydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms. In this context, preferred R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, R⁶,R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹¹ and R¹² hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linearor branched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene),linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl(aralkylene) groups.

[0123] In one embodiment, any of the amine or quaternary ammoniumsurfactants as described in sections (a)-(v) above are included inliquid glyphosate concentrates other than IPA glyphosate, such asglyphosate concentrates containing potassium, di-ammonium, ammonium,sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, methylamine, ethylamine,hexamethylenediamine, dimethylamine, or trimethylsulfonium glyphosateand mixtures thereof, which contain a stabilizer and at least about 30wt.% glyphosate a.e., more preferably at least about 35%, 40%, 45% ormore wt.% a.e., or at least about 360 g a.e. glyphosate per liter, morepreferably at least 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440 or 450 9a.e./l or more.

[0124] A subclass of such cationic surfactants described above includesa monoalkoxylated amine having the formula:

[0125] wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) and y(R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R⁴and R⁵ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,—(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷, or R⁴ and R⁵, together with the nitrogen atom towhich they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R⁶ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms; R⁷ is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having1 to about 4 carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1, x and y are independently anaverage number from 1 to about 60. In this context, preferred R¹, R³,R⁴, R⁵, and R⁶ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear orbranched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene),linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl(aralkylene) groups. Preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl orlinear or branched alkenyl group having from about 8 to about 25 carbonatoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R³ is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 2 to about 20carbon atoms, R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently hydrogen or a linear orbranched alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and x is anaverage number from 1 to about 30. More preferably, R¹ is a linear orbranched alkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, R²in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 2 to about 6 carbonatoms, R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently hydrogen, methyl, ortris(hydroxymethyl)methyl, and x is an average number from about 2 toabout 30. Even more preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl grouphaving from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O)groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³ is ethylene orpropylene, R⁴ and R¹ are each independently hydrogen, methyl ortris(hydroxymethyl)methyl, and x is an average number from about 4 toabout 20. Most preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groupsis independently ethylene or propylene, R³ is ethylene, R⁴ and R⁵ aremethyl, and x is an average number from about 4 to about 20. Preferredmonoalkoxylated amines include PEG 13 or 18 C₁₄ ether propylamines andPEG 7, 10, 15 or 20 C₁₅₋₁₆ ether propylamines (from Tomah) and PEG 13 or18 C₁₄₋₁₅ ether dimethyl propylamines and PEG 10, 15 or 20 or 25 C₁₆₋₁₈ether dimethyl propylamines (from Tomah) and Surfonic™ AGM-550 fromHuntsman.

[0126] Quaternary ammonium, sulfonium and sulfoxonium salts are alsoeffective cationic surfactants in forming potassium glyphosateconcentrates and have a chemical structure:

[0127] wherein R¹, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, or —(R¹³)_(s)(R³O)_(v)R¹²; X is —O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R¹⁴)C(O)—,—C(O)N(R¹⁴)—, —C(O)O—, or —S—; R³ in each of the n (R³O) groups and v(R³O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R¹² is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; nis an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an average number from 1to about 50; R² and R¹³ are each independently hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; m ands are each independently 0 or 1; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁶ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30carbon atoms, —C(═NR¹²)—, —C(S)—, or C(O)—; R¹⁴ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, q is an integer from 0 to 5; R⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; and eachA is an agriculturally acceptable anion. In this context, preferred R¹,R², R⁴, R⁵, R^(6,) R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹³, and R¹⁴ hydrocarbyl(hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linearor branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl(alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups.

[0128] Another cationic surfactant effective in the formulations of theinvention is a diamine or diammonium salt having the formula:

[0129] wherein R¹, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, R² in each of the m (R²O) and n (R²O) groups and R⁹ areindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or—(R²O)_(p)R₉—, m and n are individually an average number from 0 toabout 50, and p is an average number from 0 to about 60. In thiscontext, preferred R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R, R⁷ and R⁸ hydrocarbyl(hydrocarbylene) groups are linear or branched alkyl (alkylene), linearor branched alkenyl (alkenylene), linear or branched alkynyl(alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl (aralkylene) groups. In oneembodiment of formula (44), R³ is hydrocarbylene having from about 2 toabout 6 carbon atoms, and the remaining groups are as defined above.

[0130] Some preferred cationic surfactants include alkylamineethoxylates (including etheramines and diamines) such as tallowamineethoxylate, cocoa mine ethoxylate, etheramine ethoxylate, tallowethylenediamine ethoxylate and amidoamine ethoxylates; alkylaminequaternary amines such as alkoxylated quatemary amines (e.g.,ethoxylated quaternary amines or propoxylated quaternary amines);alkylamine acetates such as tallowamine acetate or octylamine acetate;and amine oxides such as ethoxylated amine oxides (e.g.,N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) cocoamine-oxide), nonethoxylated amine oxides(e.g., cethyldimethylamine-oxide) and amidoamine oxides.

[0131] Preferred cationic surfactants include amines and quaternaryamines substituted with alkoxy groups containing between about 2 and 15ethoxy and/or propoxy units, and C₁₂₋₁₈ alkyl groups. More preferred areC₁₂₋₁₈ dialkoxylated amines and quaternary amines. Still more preferredare diethoxylated tallow amines containing between about 4 and about 15units of ethoxylation, and PEG 2 to 20 tallow ammonium chloridesoptionally including a methyl group. Most preferred commerciallyavailable dialkoxylated amines include Trymeen™ 6617 (from Cognis), TAM45, 60, 80 and 105 (from Witco), and Ethomeen C/12, C/15, C/20, C/25,T/12, T/15, T/20 and T/25 (from Akzo Nobel). Most preferreddialkoxylated quaternary ammonium surfactants include Ethoquad C12, C15,T25 (from Akzo Nobel), and Emcol CC42 and CC-55 (from CK Witco). Othersuitable cationic surfactants may be determined by those skilled in theart by routine experimentation.

[0132] The compositions of the invention are stable at glyphosatea.e.:cationic surfactant loadings, on a weight percent basis, of about1:2 to about 200:1. High glyphosate:cationic surfactant loadings aregenerally limited by herbicidal efficacy considerations rather thancomposition stability because sufficient surfactant must be present foradequate glyphosate activation. High surfactant loading generallyrequires the inclusion of a stabilizer at a preferred ratio of cationicsurfactant:stabilizer between about 1:100 and about 100:1.

[0133] Nonionic surfactants suitable for use in formulating theherbicidal compositions and concentrates of the invention include:

[0134] (a) alkoxylated alcohols having the formula:

R¹O—(R²O)_(x)R³  (49)

[0135] wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and x is an averagenumber from 1 to about 60. In this context, preferred R¹ hydrocarbylgroups are linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched alkenyl, linearor branched alkynyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups. Preferably, R¹ is a linearor branched alkyl or linear or branched alkenyl group having from about8 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and x isan average number from about 5 to about 50. More preferably, R¹ is alinear or branched alkyl group having from about 8 to about 25 carbonatoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently ethylene orpropylene, R³ is hydrogen or methyl, and x is an average number fromabout 8 to about 40. Even more preferably, R¹ is a linear or branchedalkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, R in each ofthe x (R²O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³ ishydrogen or methyl, and x is an average number from about 8 to about 30.Preferred commercially available alkoxylated alcohols include: Emulgin™,Procol™ LA-15 (from Protameen); Brij™ 35, Brij™ 56, Brij™ 76, Brij™ 78,Brij™ 97, Brij™ 98 and Tergitol™ XD (from Sigma Chemical Co.); Neodol™25-12 and Neodol™ 45-13 (from Shell); hetoxol™ CA-10, hetoxol™ CA-20,hetoxol™ CS-9, hetoxol™ CS-15, hetoxol™ CS-20, hetoxol™ CS-25, hetoxol™CS-30, Plurafac™ A38 and Plurafac™ LF700 (from BASF); ST8303 (fromCognis); Arosurf™ 66 E10 and Arosurf™ 66 E20 (from Witco/Crompton);ethoxylated (9.4 EO) tallow, propoxylated (4.4 EO) tallow andalkoxylated (5-16 EO and 2-5 PO) tallow (from Witco/Crompton).

[0136] (b) dialkoxylated alcohols having the formula:

R¹(OR²)_(x)O—R³—O—(R²O)_(y)R¹  (50)

[0137] wherein R¹ is independently hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x(R²O) and the y (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30carbon atoms, and x and y are independently an average number from 1 toabout 60. In this context, preferred R³ hydrocarbylene groups are linearor branched alkylene, linear or branched alkenylene, linear or branchedalkynylene, arylene, or aralkylene groups. Preferably, R¹ is hydrogen,methyl or ethyl, R² in each of the x (R²O) and the y (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is a linear or branched alkylene orlinear or branched alkenylene group having from about 8 to about 25carbon atoms, and x and y are independently an average number from about1 to about 20. More preferably, R¹ is hydrogen or methyl, R² in each ofthe x (R²O) and the y (R²O) groups is independently ethylene orpropylene, R³ is a linear or branched alkylene or linear or branchedalkenylene group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and x andy are independently an average number from 1 to about 10. Even morepreferably, R¹ is hydrogen, R² in each of the x (R²O) and the y (R²O)groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³ is a linear orbranched alkylene group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms,and x and y are independently an average number from 1 to about 5.

[0138] (c) alkoxylated dialkylphenols having the formula:

[0139] wherein R¹ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen, or a linear orbranched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and at leastone of R¹ and R⁴ is an alkyl group, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and x is an averagenumber from 1 to about 60. Preferably, R¹ and R⁴ are independentlylinear or branched alkyl groups having from 8 to about 30 carbon atoms,R² in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ ishydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and x is an average number from about 5 toabout 50. More preferably, R¹ and R⁴ are independently linear orbranched alkyl groups having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R²in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³is hydrogen or methyl, and x is an average number from about 8 to about40. Even more preferably, R¹ and R⁴ are independently linear or branchedalkyl groups having from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms, R² in each ofthe x (R²O) groups is independently ethylene or propylene, R³ ishydrogen or methyl, and x is an average number from about 10 to about30. Preferred commercially available alkoxylated dialkylphenols includeethoxylated dinonyl phenols such as Surfonic™ DNP 100, Surfonic™ DNP140, and Surfonic™ DNP 240 (from Huntsman).

[0140] Other suitable nonionic surfactants include alkylpolyglucosides;glycerol esters such as glyceryl monolaurate, and ethyoxylated glycerylmonococoate; ethoxylated castor oil; ethoxylated reduced sugar esterssuch as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monolaurate; esters of other polyhydricalcohols such as sorbitan monolaurate and sucrose monostearate;ethoxylated amides such as polyoxyethylene cocoamide; ethoxylated esterssuch as monolaurate of polyethylene glycol 1000 and dilaurate ofpolyethylene glycol 6000; ethoxylated alkyl or arylphenols such asnonylphenol ethoxylate, octylphenol ethoxylates, dodecylphenolethoxylates, dinonylphenol ethoxylates and tristyrylphenol ethoxylates;alcohol ethoxylates such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates (e.g., oleylalcohol ethoxylate), tridecylalcohol ethoxylates and other alcoholethoxylates such as Neodols and oxoalcohol ethoxylates; and ethyleneoxide/propylene oxide copolymers such as Pluronic type, Tetronic type,or Tergitol XH type.

[0141] Additional nonionic surfactants for inclusion in surfactantcompositions that may be used in the invention are polyoxyethylene(5-30) C₈₋₂₂ alkylethers and polyoxyethylene (5-30) C₈₋₁₂alkylphenylethers, wherein “(5-30)” means that the average number ofethylene oxide units in the polyoxyethylene chains of these surfactantsis from about 5 to about 30. Examples of such nonionic surfactantsinclude polyoxyethylene nonylphenols, octanols, decanols andtrimethylnonanols. Particular nonionic surfactants that have proveduseful include NEODOL™ 91-6 of Shell (a polyoxyethylene (6) C₉₋₁₁ linearprimary alcohol), NEODOL™ 1-7 of Shell (a polyoxyethylene (7) C₁₁,linear primary alcohol), TERGITO™ 15-S-9 of Union arbide (apolyoxyethylene (9) C₁₂₋₁₅ secondary alcohol) and SURFONIC™ NP95 ofHuntsman (a polyoxyethylene (9.5) nonylphenol).

[0142] Preferred nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated alcoholscomprising about 5 to about 25 ethoxy and propoxy groups and a C₁₂₋₁₈alkyl group. More preferred are about 10 to about 20 alkoxylated C₁₆₋₁₈alcohols. Non-exclusive examples include the commercially availableproducts Emulgin-L, Arosurf 66 and Plurafac P700. Other suitablenonionic surfactants may be determined by those skilled in the art byroutine experimentation.

[0143] Other surfactants for use in herbicidal compositions andconcentrates of the invention include compounds of the formula:

[0144] wherein R¹, R⁹, and R¹² are independently hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R²O)_(p)R¹³; R² in each of the m (R²O), n (R²O), p (R²O) and q (R²O)groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³, R⁸, R⁸, R¹³ and R¹⁵ areindependently hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R⁴ is —(CH₂)_(y)OR¹³ or—(CH₂)_(y)O(R²O)_(q)R³; R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, or R⁴; R¹⁰ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene havingfrom 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(CH₂)_(z)O(R²O)_(x)R³; m, n, p and q are independently an averagenumber from 1 to about 50; X is independently —O—, —N(R¹⁴)—, —C(O)—,—C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R¹⁵)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R¹⁵)—, —S—, —SO—, or —SO₂—; t is0 or 1; A— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; and y and z areindependently an integer from 0 to about 30. In this context, preferredR¹, R³, and R⁵—R¹⁵ hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbylene) groups are linear orbranched alkyl (alkylene), linear or branched alkenyl (alkenylene),linear or branched alkynyl (alkynylene), aryl (arylene), or aralkyl(aralkylene) groups. Preferably, R¹, R⁹, and R¹² are independentlylinear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups having from 1 to about 22carbon atoms, or —(R²O)_(p)R¹³; R² in each of the m (R²O), n (R²O), p(R²O) and q (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ ishydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R⁴ is —(CH₂)_(y)OR¹³ or —(CH₂)_(y)O(R²)_(q)R³; R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen, linear or branchedalkyl or alkenyl groups having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, or R⁴;R⁸, R¹¹, R¹³ and R¹⁵ are independently hydrogen, or linear or branchedalkyl or alkenyl groups having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms; R¹⁰ is alinear or branched alkylene or alkenylene group having from 2 to about18 carbon atoms; R¹⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl grouphaving from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, or —(CH₂)_(z)O(R²O)_(P)R³; m, n,p and q are independently an average number from 1 to about 30; X isindependently —O—, —N(R¹⁴)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R¹⁵)C(O)—,—C(O)N(R¹⁵)—, —S—, —SO—, or —SO₂—, t is 0 or 1; A— is an agriculturallyacceptable anion; and y and z are independently an integer from 0 toabout 30. More preferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenylgroups having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, or —(R²O)_(p)R¹³;R⁹ and R¹² are independently linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groupshaving from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, or —(R²O)_(p)R¹³; R² in each ofthe m (R²O), n (R²O), p (R²O) and q (R²O) groups is independentlyethylene or propylene; R³ is hydrogen or methyl; R⁴ is —(CH₂)_(y)OR ¹³or —(CH₂)_(y)O(R²O)_(q)R³; R⁸, R¹¹, R¹⁵ are independently hydrogen, orlinear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups having from 1 to about 22carbon atoms; R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen, linear orbranched alkyl or alkenyl groups having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms,or R⁴; R¹⁰ is a linear or branched alkylene or alkenylene group havingfrom 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R¹³ is hydrogen, or linear or branchedalkyl or alkenyl groups having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms;R¹⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having from 1 toabout 22 carbon atoms, or —(CH₂)_(z)O(R²O)_(p)R³; m, n, p and q areindependently an average number from 1 to about 20; X is independently—O—, —N(R¹⁴)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R¹⁵)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R¹⁵)—,—S—, —SO—, or —SO₂—, t is 0 or 1; A— is an agriculturally acceptableanion; and y and z are independently an integer from 0 to about 10. Mostpreferably, R¹ is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups havingfrom about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, or —(R²O)_(P)R¹³; R⁹ and R¹² areindependently linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups having from 1to about 6 carbon atoms, or —(R²O)_(P)R¹³; R² in each of the m (R²O), n(R²O), p (R²O) and q (R²O) groups is independently ethylene orpropylene; R³ is hydrogen; R⁴ is —(CH₂)_(y)OR¹ or —(CH₂)_(y)O(R²O)_(q)R³; R⁸, R¹¹, R¹⁵ are independently hydrogen, or linear or branched alkylor alkenyl groups having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷are independently hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groupshaving from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, or R⁴; R¹⁰ is a linear orbranched alkylene or alkenylene group having from 2 to about 6 carbonatoms; R¹³ is hydrogen, or linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groupshaving from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms; R¹⁴ is a linear orbranched alkyl or alkenyl group having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms,or —(CH₂)_(z)O(R² )_(p)R³; m, n, p and q are independently an averagenumber from 1 to about 5; X is independently —O— or —N(R¹⁴)—, t is 0 or1; A— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; and y and z areindependently an integer from 1 to about 3.

[0145] Fluoro-organic wetting agents useful in this invention areorganic molecules represented by the formula:

R_(f)—G  (60)

[0146] wherein R_(f) is a fluoroaliphatic radical and G is a group whichcontains at least one hydrophilic group such as cationic or nonionicgroups. R_(f) is a fluorinated, monovalent, aliphatic organic radicalcontaining at least four carbon atoms. Preferably, it is a saturatedperfluoroaliphatic monovalent organic radical. However, hydrogen orchlorine atoms can be present as substituents on the skeletal chain.Although radicals containing a large number of carbon atoms can functionadequately, compounds containing not more than about 20 carbon atoms arepreferred because large radicals usually represent a less efficientutilization of fluorine than is possible with shorter skeletal chains.Preferably, R_(f) contains about 5 to 14 carbon atoms. The cationicgroups which are usable in the fluoro-organic wetting agents employed inthis invention can include an amine or a quaternary ammonium cationicgroup. Such amine and quaternary ammonium cationic hydrophilic groupscan have formulas such as NH₂, NHR², —N(R²)₂, —(NH₃)X, —(NH₂R²)X,—(NH(R²)₂X), or —(N(R²)₃)X, where X is an anionic counterion such ashalide, hydroxide, sulfate, bisulfate, acetate or carboxylate, and eachR² is independently a C₁₋₂₈ alkyl group. Preferably, X is halide,hydroxide, or bisulfate. Preferably, the cationic fluoro-organic wettingagents used in this invention contain hydrophilic groups which arequaternary ammonium cationic groups. The nonionic groups which areusable in the fluoro-organic wetting agents employed in this inventioninclude groups which are hydrophilic but which under pH conditions ofnormal agronomic use are not ionized. The nonionic groups can haveformulas such as —O(CH2CH2)XH wherein x is greater than zero, preferably1-30, —SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHCH₂CH₂OH, SO₂N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂, —CONH₂, —CONHCH₂CH₂OH, or—ON(CH₂CH₂OH)₂. Several fluoro-organic wetting agents suitable for usein the invention are available from 3M under the Fluorad trademark. Theyinclude nonionic agents Fluorad FC-170C, Fluorad FC-171 and FluoradFC-430.

[0147] Additional cationic surfactants suitable for use in theherbicidal compositions of the invention are those described in U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,703,015, 5,750,468, 5,389,598, 5,563,111, 5,622,911,5,849,663, 5,863,909, 5,985,794, 6,030,923 and 6,093,679, which areincorporated herein by reference. Cationic fluoro-organic surfactantsuseful herein include Fluorad FC-750 and other surfactants as described,for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,764,602, 2,764,603, 3,147,064, and4,069,158.

[0148] Alkylpolyglycosides are also suitable for use in the compositionsand concentrates of the invention, and are described, for example, inU.S. Pat. No. 6,117,820. As used herein the term “alkylglycoside”includes mono- and poly-alkylglycosides. Glycosides are represented bythe formula:

[0149] wherein n is the degree of polymerization, or number of glycosegroups, and R is a branched or straight chain alkyl group preferablyhaving from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, or a mixture of alkyl groups having anaverage value within the given range. The number of glycose groups peralkyl group may vary and alkyl mono- or di-, or polyglucose orsaccharide derivatives are possible. Commercial alkylpolyglycosidesusually contain a mixture of derivatives with n expressed as an average.Preferably n is between 1 and about 5, and more preferably between 1 andabout 3. Typical of alkylglycosides is the product commerciallyavailable under the trade names AL2042 (Imperial Chemical IndustriesPLC) wherein n is an average of 1.7 and R is a mixture of octyl (45%)and decyl (55%), the product commercially available under the trade nameAGRIMUL PG2069 (Henkel Corp) wherein n is an average of 1.6 and R is amixture of nonyl (20%), decyl (40%) and undecyl (40%), and the productcommercially available under the trade name BEROL AG6202 (Akzo Nobel)which is 2-ethyl-1-hexylglycoside.

[0150] In one embodiment of the invention, the herbicidal compositionsinclude at least one nonionic surfactant and at least one cationicsurfactant such as those described herein. Such surfactant combinationsare described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,245,713 and 5,998,332, which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0151] Preferably the weight ratio of cationic:nonionic surfactants isbetween about 20:1 and about 1:1, and more preferably between about 10:1and about 1:1. In high load glyphosate formulations, stablemicroemulsions may be achieved at glyphosate a.e.:total surfactantloading, on a weight basis, of about 1:3 to about 100:1. As withembodiments containing only cationic surfactants, highglyphosate:surfactant ratios are generally limited by herbicidalefficacy considerations rather than composition stability becausesufficient surfactant must be present to enable adequate glyphosateherbicidal effect. High surfactant loading generally requires theinclusion of a stabilizer at a preferred weight ratio of totalsurfactant:stabilizer between about 1:50 and about 50:1.

[0152] The surfactant component of the invention comprises anycombination of the surfactants and stabilizers as described above. Thesurfactant composition is particularly preferred for use in formulatingcompositions or concentrates containing potassium, di-ammonium,ammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, methylamine,ethylamine, hexamethylenediamine, dimethylamine and/ortrimethylsulfonium glyphosate. The surfactant composition can beincorporated into a composition or concentrate comprising anycombination of these glyphosate salts.

[0153] The density of any glyphosate-containing formulation of theinvention is preferably at least 1.3 grams/liter, more preferably atleast about 1.305, 1.310, 1.315, 1.320, 1.325, 1.330,1.335, 1.340,1.345, 1.350, 1.355, 1.360, 1.365, 1.370, 1.375, 1.380,1.385, 1.390,1.395, 1.400, 1.405, 1.410, 1.415, 1.420, 1.425, 1.430, 1.435, 1.440,1.445, or 1.450 grams/liter.

[0154] The surfactant component of the compositions of the presentinvention may optionally contain a glycol or glycol ether of formula:

HO—(R⁴O)_(x)—R⁵  (62)

[0155] wherein R⁴ in each of the x (R⁴O) groups is independently alinear or branched C₂₋₆ alkylene group, x is 1 to about 4, and R⁵ ishydrogen or a C₁-C₄ hydrocarbyl group. Contemplated glycols and glycolethers include but are not limited to monoethylene glycol, diethyleneglycol, propylene glycol or the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, butyl ort-butyl ethers thereof, dipropylene glycol or the methyl, ethyl,n-propyl, -butyl or t-butyl ethers thereof, tripropylene glycol, or themethyl, ethyl, n-propyl, -butyl or t-butyl ethers thereof,1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol,2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-pentanediol and2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol. Preferred are glycols having 4 or more carbonatoms. Of these, 2-methyl -1,3-propanediol and 1,4-butanediol are morepreferred glycols.

[0156] In the invention, a microemulsion is defined as a liquid systemin which a surfactant component is dispersed within a continuous aqueousliquid phase containing a dissolved salt of glyphosate. In order toform, and maintain, the microemulsion, the substantiallywater-immiscible organic solvent of the invention is employed to attainappropriate stability of the microemulsion. The microemulsions of theinvention are physically stable liquid systems which are also storagestable. They are optically transparent at room temperature and areisotropic. They are formed by the gentle admixture of the ingredientsand do not require shearing or other addition of energy. The order ofadditional of ingredients is not a critical aspect of the invention.

[0157] Other components such as solvents and organic acids may be addedto the microemulsions of the invention to enhance microemulsionstability. These additives generally function to increase solubility ordispersability of the surfactants in the aqueous carrier phase thusenabling the formulation of robust microemulsions exhibiting enhancedthermal and pH stability, reduced viscosity, and high glyphosateloading.

[0158] Solvents may be added to the compositions to increase thesolubility or dispersibility of the surfactants in the aqueous carrierphase and thereby attain appropriate stability of the microemulsion.Water soluble solvents may be added to increase the solubility ofsurfactants with a hydrophilic moiety in the aqueous carrier phase.Non-limiting examples of water soluble solvents include acetates, C₁₋₆alkanols, C₁₋₆ diols, C₁₋₆ alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols andpolyalkylene glycols, and mixtures thereof. The alkanol can be selectedfrom methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, the various positionalisomers of butanol, pentanol, and hexanol, and mixtures thereof. It mayalso be possible to utilize in addition to, or in place of, saidalkanols, the diols such as methylene, ethylene, propylene and butyleneglycols, and mixtures thereof, and including polyalkylene glycols.Mixtures of hydrophobic and hydrophilic solvents may also be used.

[0159] It is preferred to limit the total amount of solvent topreferably no more than about 25%, and more preferably, no more thanabout 15%, of the composition. A particularly preferred range is about0-15%. If any of these organic solvents has a solubility of less than25% in water (at room temperature, 21° C.), then the amount of suchlimited water solubility solvents should not exceed about 5%, with theamount of water soluble solvents (such as ethyl alcohol) then raised toan amount sufficient to maintain the microemulsion. These amounts ofsolvents are generally referred to as dispersion-effective orsolubilizing effective amounts.

[0160] Organic acids may be added to the compositions to enhance thestability of the microemulsion. It is believed, without being bound toany particular theory, that organic acids, or their respective salts,stabilize the high load microemulsions by a couple different mechanisms.First, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of the acids function ascoupling agents between the aqueous carrier phase and the nonionicmoieties of the surfactants. Second, the acids act as buffers thusstabilizing the composition pH. Suitable organic acids include, amongothers, acetic, dichloroacetic, citric, malic, oxalic, salicylic andtartaric. Effective concentrations of organic acids are generallybetween about 0.1 wt % and 5 wt %.

[0161] Other additives including inorganic acids and oxidizing agentsmay be added to the compositions of the invention to enhancemicroemulsion stability. Non-limiting examples include boric acid,perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide,lithium perchlorate, sodium phosphate, sodium chlorate and sodiumiodide.

[0162] The present invention also includes a method for killing orcontrolling weeds or unwanted vegetation comprising the steps ofdiluting a liquid concentrate in a convenient amount of water to form atank mix and applying a herbicidally effective amount of the tank mix tothe foliage of the weeds or unwanted vegetation. Similarly included inthe invention is the method of killing or controlling weeds or unwantedvegetation comprising the steps of diluting a solid particulateconcentrate in a convenient amount of water to form a tank mix andapplying a herbicidally effective amount of the tank mix to the foliageof the weeds or unwanted vegetation.

[0163] In a herbicidal method of using a composition of the invention,the composition is diluted in a suitable volume of water to provide anapplication solution which is then applied to foliage of a plant orplants at an application rate sufficient to give a desired herbicidaleffect. This application rate is usually expressed as amount ofglyphosate per unit area treated, e.g., grams acid equivalent perhectare (g a.e./ha). What constitutes a “desired herbicidal effect” is,typically and illustratively, at least 85% control of a plant species asmeasured by growth reduction or mortality after a period of time duringwhich the glyphosate exerts its full herbicidal or phytotoxic effects intreated plants. Depending on plant species and growing conditions, thatperiod of time can be as short as a week, but normally a period of atleast two weeks is needed for glyphosate to exert its full effect.

[0164] The selection of application rates that are herbicidallyeffective for a composition of the invention is within the skill of theordinary agricultural scientist. Those of skill in the art will likewiserecognize that individual plant conditions, weather and growingconditions, as well as the specific active ingredients and their weightratio in the composition, will influence the degree of herbicidaleffectiveness achieved in practicing this invention. With respect to theuse of glyphosate compositions, much information is known aboutappropriate application rates. Over two decades of glyphosate use andpublished studies relating to such use have provided abundantinformation from which a weed control practitioner can select glyphosateapplication rates that are herbicidally effective on particular speciesat particular growth stages in particular environmental conditions.

[0165] The method of the present invention where the water-solubleherbicide is glyphosate, more particularly a water-soluble glyphosatesalt, is applicable to any and all plant species on which glyphosate isbiologically effective as a herbicide. This encompasses a very widevariety of plant species worldwide. Likewise, compositions of theinvention containing a glyphosate salt can be applied to any and allplant species on which glyphosate is biologically effective. Therefore,for example, compositions of the invention containing glyphosate as anherbicidal active ingredient can be applied to a plant in a herbicidallyeffective amount, and can effectively control one or more plant speciesof one or more of the following genera without restriction: Abutilon,Amaranthus, Artemisia, Asclepias, Avena, Axonopus, Borreria, Brachiaria,Brassica, Bromus, Chenopodium, Cirsium, Commelina, Convolvulus, Cynodon,Cyperus, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Eleusine, Elymus, Equisetum, Erodium,Helianthus, Imperata, Ipomoea, Kochia, Lolium, Malva, Oryza, Ottochloa,Panicum, Paspalum, Phalaris, Phragmites, Polygonum, Poitulaca,Pteridium, Pueraria, Rubus, Saesola, Setaria, Sida, Sinapis, Sorghum,Triticum, Typha, Ulex, Xanthium and Zea.

[0166] Particularly important annual broadleaf species for whichglyphosate compositions are used are exemplified without limitation bythe following: velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), pigweed (Amaranthusspp.), buttonweed (Borreria spp.), oilseed rape, canola, indian mustard,etc. (Brassica spp.), commelina (Commelina spp.), filaree (Erodiumspp.), sunflower (Helianthus spp.), morningglory (Ipomoea spp.), kochia(Kochia scoparia), mallow (Malva spp.), wild buckwheat, smartweed, etc.(Polygonum spp.), purslane (Portulaca spp.), russian thistle (Salsolaspp.), sida (Sida spp.), wild mustard (Sinapis aevensis) and cocklebur(Xanthium spp.)

[0167] Particularly important annual narrowleaf species for whichglyphosate compositions are used are exemplified without limitation bythe following: wild oat (Avena fatua), carpetgrass (Axonopus spp.),downy brome (Bromus tectorum), crabgrass (Digitaria spp.), Japanesemillet (Echinochloa crus-galli), goosegrass (Eleusine indica), annualryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), rice (Oryza sativa), ottochloa (Ottochloanodosa), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), canarygrass (Phalaris spp.),foxtail (Setaria spp.), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and corn (Zea mays).

[0168] Particularly important perennial broadleaf species for whichglyphosate compositions are used are exemplified without limitation bythe following mugwort (Artemisia spp.), milkweed (Asc/epias spp.),canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)and kudzu (Pueraria spp.).

[0169] Particularly important perennial narrowleaf species for whichglyphosate compositions are used are exemplified without limitation bythe following: brachiaria (Brachiaria spp.), bermudagrass (Cynodondactylon), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), purple nutsedge (C.rotundus), quackgrass (Elymus repens), lalang (Imperata cylindrica),perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), guineagrass (Panicum maximum),dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum), reed (Phragmites spp.), johnsongrass(Sorghum haiepense) and cattail (Typha spp.).

[0170] Other particularly important perennial species for whichglyphosate compositions are used are exemplified without limitation bythe following: horsetail (Equisetum spp.), bracken (Pteridiumaquilinum), blackberry (Rubus spp.) and gorse (Ulex europaeus).

[0171] Thus, for example, the glyphosate compositions of the presentinvention, and a process for treating plants with such compositions, canbe useful on any of the above species. In a particular contemplatedprocess, a plant treatment composition is formed by diluting acomposition of the invention in a suitable volume of water forapplication to a field. Preferably, a plant treatment compositioncomprising glyphosate is formed by diluting a composition of the presentinvention in water and the plant treatment composition is applied toweeds or undesired plants.

[0172] Application of plant treatment compositions to foliage of plantsis preferably accomplished by spraying, using any conventional means forspraying liquids, such as spray nozzles or spinning-disk atomizers.Compositions of the present invention can be used in precision farmingtechniques, in which apparatus is employed to vary the amount ofexogenous chemical substance applied to different parts of a field,depending on variables such as the particular plant species present,plant growth stage, soil moisture status, etc. In one embodiment of suchtechniques, a global positioning system operated with the sprayingapparatus can be used to apply the desired amount of the composition todifferent parts of a field.

[0173] A plant treatment composition is preferably dilute enough to bereadily sprayed using standard agricultural spray equipment. Suitableapplication rates for the present invention vary depending upon suchfactors as the type and concentration of active ingredient and the plantspecies involved. Useful rates for applying an aqueous composition to afield of foliage can range from about 25 to about 1,000 liters perhectare (I/ha), preferably about 50 to about 300 l/ha, by sprayapplication.

[0174] Definitions

[0175] The terms “hydrocarbon” and “hydrocarbyl” as used herein describeorganic compounds or radicals consisting exclusively of the elementscarbon and hydrogen. These moieties include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, andaryl moieties. These moieties also include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, andaryl moieties substituted with other aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbongroups, such as alkaryl, alkenaryl and alkynaryl. Unless otherwiseindicated, these moieties preferably comprise 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0176] The term “hydrocarbylene” as used herein describes radicalsjoined at two ends thereof to other radicals in an organic compound, andwhich consist exclusively of the elements carbon and hydrogen. Thesemoieties include alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, and arylene moieties.These moieties also include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moietiessubstituted with other aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, such asalkaryl, alkenaryl and alkynaryl. Unless otherwise indicated, thesemoieties preferably comprise 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0177] The “substituted hydrocarbyl” moieties described herein arehydrocarbyl moieties which are substituted with at least one atom otherthan carbon, including moieties in which a carbon chain atom issubstituted with a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon,phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or a halogen atom. These substituentsinclude halogen, heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy,hydroxy, protected hydroxy, ketal, acyl, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido,cyano, thiol, acetal, sulfoxide, ester, thioester, ether, thioether,hydroxyalkyl, urea, guanidine, amidine, phosphate, amine oxide, andquaternary ammonium salt.

[0178] The “substituted hydrocarbylene” moieties described herein arehydrocarbylene moieties which are substituted with at least one atomother than carbon, including moieties in which a carbon chain atom issubstituted with a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon,phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or a halogen atom. These substituentsinclude halogen, heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy,hydroxy, protected hydroxy, ketal, acyl, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido,cyano, thiol, acetal, sulfoxide, ester, thioester, ether, thioether,hydroxyalkyl, urea, guanidine, amidine, phosphate, amine oxide, andquaternary ammonium salt.

[0179] Unless otherwise indicated, the alkyl groups described herein arepreferably lower alkyl containing from one to 18 carbon atoms in theprincipal chain and up to 30 carbon atoms. They may be straight orbranched chain or cyclic and include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,n-butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and the like.

[0180] Unless otherwise indicated, the alkenyl groups described hereinare preferably lower alkenyl containing from two to 18 carbon atoms inthe principal chain and up to 30 carbon atoms. They may be straight orbranched chain or cyclic and include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl,butenyl, isobutenyl, hexenyl, and the like.

[0181] Unless otherwise indicated, the alkynyl groups described hereinare preferably lower alkynyl containing from two to 18 carbon atoms inthe principal chain and up to 30 carbon atoms. They may be straight orbranched chain and include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, isobutynyl,hexynyl, and the like.

[0182] The terms “aryl” as used herein alone or as part of another groupdenote optionally substituted homocyclic aromatic groups, preferablymonocyclic or bicyclic groups containing from 6 to 12 carbons in thering portion, such as phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, substituted phenyl,substituted biphenyl or substituted naphthyl. Phenyl and substitutedphenyl are the more preferred aryl.

[0183] The term “aralkyl” as used herein denotes a group containing bothalkyl and aryl structures such as benzyl.

[0184] As used herein, the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl and aralkylgroups can be substituted with at least one atom other than carbon,including moieties in which a carbon chain atom is substituted with ahetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron,sulfur, or a halogen atom. These substituents include hydroxy, nitro,amino, amido, nitro, cyano, sulfoxide, thiol, thioester, thioether,ester and ether, or any other substituent which can increase thecompatibility of the surfactant and/or its efficacy enhancement in thepotassium glyphosate formulation without adversely affecting the storagestability of the formulation.

[0185] The terms “halogen” or “halo” as used herein alone or as part ofanother group refer to chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine. Fluorinesubstituents are often preferred in surfactant compounds.

[0186] Unless otherwise indicated, the term “hydroxyalkyl” includesalkyl groups substituted with at least one hydroxy group, and includesbis(hydroxyalkylalkyl, tris(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl andpoly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl groups. Preferred hydroxyalkyl groups includehydroxymethyl (—CH₂OH), and hydroxyethyl (—C₂H₄OH),bis(hydroxymethyl)methyl (—CH(CH₂OH)₂), and tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl(—C(CH₂OH)₃).

[0187] The term “cyclic” as used herein alone or as part of anothergroup denotes a group having at least one closed ring, and includesalicyclic, aromatic (arene) and heterocyclic groups.

[0188] The terms “heterocyclo” or “heterocyclic” as used herein alone oras part of another group denote optionally substituted, fully saturatedor unsaturated, monocyclic or bicyclic, aromatic or nonaromatic groupshaving at least one heteroatom in at least one ring, and preferably 5 or6 atoms in each ring. The heterocyclo group preferably has 1 or 2 oxygenatoms, 1 or 2 sulfur atoms, and/or 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms in the ring,and may be bonded to the remainder of the molecule through a carbon orheteroatom. Exemplary heterocyclo include heteroaromatics such as furyl,thienyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, orisoquinolinyl and the like, and non-aromatic heterocyclics such astetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydrothienyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidino, etc.Exemplary substituents include one or more of the following groups:hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, keto, hydroxy, protected hydroxy,acyl, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, halogen, amido,amino, nitro, cyano, thiol, thioester, thioether, ketal, acetal, esterand ether.

[0189] The term “heteroaromatic” as used herein alone or as part ofanother group denote optionally substituted aromatic groups having atleast one heteroatom in at least one ring, and preferably 5 or 6 atomsin each ring. The heteroaromatic group preferably has 1 or 2 oxygenatoms, 1 or 2 sulfur atoms, and/or 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms in the ring,and may be bonded to the remainder of the molecule through a carbon orheteroatom. Exemplary heteroaromatics include furyl, thienyl, pyridyl,oxazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, or isoquinolinyl and the like.Exemplary substituents include one or more of the following groups:hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, keto, hydroxy, protected hydroxy,acyl, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, halogen, amido,amino, nitro, cyano, thiol, thioether, thioester, ketal, acetal, esterand ether.

[0190] The term “acyl,” as used herein alone or as part of anothergroup, denotes the moiety formed by removal of the hydroxyl group fromthe group POOH of an organic carboxylic acid, e.g., RC(O), wherein R isR¹, R¹O—, R¹R²N—, or R¹S—, R¹ is hydrocarbyl, heterosubstitutedhydrocarbyl, or heterocyclo and R² is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl.

[0191] The term “acyloxy,” as used herein alone or as part of anothergroup, denotes an acyl group as described above bonded through an oxygenlinkage (—O—), e.g., RC(O)O—wherein R is as defined in connection withthe term “acyl.”

[0192] When a maximum or minimum “average number” is recited herein withreference to a structural feature such as oxyethylene units or glucosideunits, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that theinteger number of such units in individual molecules in a surfactantpreparation typically varies over a range that can include integernumbers greater than the maximum or smaller than the minimum “averagenumber.” The presence in a composition of individual surfactantmolecules having an integer number of such units outside the statedrange in “average number” does not remove the composition from the scopeof the present invention, so long as the “average number” is within thestated range and other requirements are met.

[0193] The term “pesticides” includes chemicals and microbial agentsused as active ingredients of products for control of crop and lawnpests and diseases, animal ectoparasites, and other pests in publichealth. The term also includes plant growth regulators, pest repellants,synergists, herbicide safeners (which reduce the phytotoxicity ofherbicides to crop plants) and preservatives, the delivery of which tothe target may expose dermal and especially ocular tissue to thepesticide.

EXAMPLES

[0194] The following Examples are provided for illustrative purposesonly and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.The Examples will permit better understanding of the invention andperception of its advantages and certain variations of execution.

[0195] Spray compositions of the Examples contained an exogenouschemical, such as glyphosate potassium salt, in addition to theexcipient ingredients listed. The amount of exogenous chemical wasselected to provide the desired rate in grams per hectare (g/ha) whenapplied in a spray volume of 93 l/ha. Several exogenous chemical rateswere applied for each composition. Thus, except where otherwiseindicated, when spray compositions were tested, the concentration ofexogenous chemical varied in direct proportion to exogenous chemicalrate, but the concentration of excipient ingredients was held constantacross different exogenous chemical rates.

[0196] Concentrate compositions were tested by dilution, dissolution ordispersion in water to form spray compositions. In these spraycompositions prepared from concentrates, the concentration of excipientingredients varied with that of exogenous chemical.

[0197] In the following Examples illustrative of the invention,greenhouse and field tests were conducted to evaluate the relativeherbicidal effectiveness of glyphosate compositions. Compositionsincluded for comparative purposes may be identified as follows:Composition Formulation Composition 570 g/l of glyphosate IPA salt inaqueous solution with no 570I added surfactant Composition 41% by weightof glyphosate IPA salt in aqueous solution, 41I together with phosphateester and tallow amine surfactants. This formulation is sold by MonsantoCompany under the Roundup Ultra ® trademark. Composition 725 g/lpotassium glyphosate salt in aqueous solution with 725K no surfactantComposition 30.4 wt. % glyphosate a.e. as IPA salt, 3.3 wt. % 2,4-D a.e.304I as IPA salt, and 9.76% of ethoxylated tallowamines and dipropyleneglycol Composition Glyphosate IPA Roundup ® 50% by weight (445 g a.e./l)of glyphosate IPA salt in UltraMax aqueous solution, together withsurfactant. This formulation is sold by onsanto Company under theRoundup ® UltraMax trademark.

[0198] Various excipients were used in compositions of the Examples.They may be identified as follows: C1 2′ethylhexylamine C2 5′methylglutamate C3 EXP-81 experimental cationic surfactant di-C₁₂ di-EO 10ammonium chloride C5 EXP-86-B experimental nonionic C₁₆₋₁₈ PO (3.1) EO(10.4) C6 Acetic Acid (diCl) di chloro acetic acid C7 Acetic Acid C8Adma 8 Octyldimethyl amine C9 Adma WC C₈₋₂₀ alkyldimethylamine blend C10ADMOX myristyl dimethyl amine oxide C11 Arosurf 66-E10 PEG-20 isostearylether C13 Alkamide DC-212 Cocoamine DEA C14 Armeen C Mixed C₈₋₁₆ alkylprimary amine C15 Aromatic 150 Toluene C16 EXP-01A experimental nonionicC₁₆₋₁₈ EO (9.4) C17 EXP-01B experimental nonionic C₁₆₋₁₈ EO (9.4) PO(2.2) C18 EXP-01C experimental nonionic C₁₆₋₁₈ EO (9.4) PO (4.2) C20EXP-01E experimental nonionic C₁₆₋₁₈ EO (9.4) PO (5.3) C21 EXP-01Fexperimental nonionic C₁₆₋₁₈ EO (9.6) PO (4.4) C22 EXP-01G experimentalnonionic C₁₆₋₁₈ PO (4.4) C23 EXP-01H experimental nonionic C₁₆₋₁₈ EO(15.6) PO (4.4) C24 BG 510 Rhodafac BG 510 ethoxylated alkyl phosphoricacid ester C25 bis(2′ethylhexylamine) C26 Boric Acid C27 Brij 56polyoxyethylene (10 EO) cetyl ether C28 Brij 78 PEG 20 C₁₈ alcohol C29BTC 818 Dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride C30 Cetac 30 Cetrimoniumchloride (hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride) C32 citric acid C33Colloid 111D Rhodia polyacrylate C34 dithioerythriol C36 Dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide C37 Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride C38dodecyl trimethyl amide C39 diethylene glycol C40 Emcol CC-42Polypropylene glycol-40 diethyl ammonium chloride C41 Emcol CC-55 C42Ethoquad C15 PEG 5 tallow ammonium chloride C43 Ethoquad T25 PEG 15tallow methyl ammonium chloride C44 Ethyl Alcohol C45 Ethylene GlycolC46 Emulgin-L Cetereth 2 propoxylate 9 ethoxylate C47 Ethomeen C12 PEG 2cocoamine C48 EXP-BI experimental nonionic C₁₆₋₁₈ EO (5) PO (3.1) C49Ethoquad C12 PEG 2 coco methyl ammonium chloride C60 EXP-19 di-coco diEO (15) quaternary ammonium chloride C61 EXP-195 di-C₁₂ di EO (15) (notderived from coco) C62 EXP-197 dialkyl (tallow and stearyl) di EO (19.6)quaternary ammonium bromide C63 EXP-113 di-C12 di EO (10) ammoniumbromide C70 Exxate 700 Oxo-heptyl acetate C71 F88 FL C72 Geropan SDSSodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate C73 H₂O₂ C74 Hexylamine C75 Hexanol C76HTMA Br C77 Isopar-L Petroleum naphtha C78 Isopropylamine C79 PlurafacLF 7000 alkoxylated C₁₆-C₁₈ alkyl C80 Lithium Perchlorate C81 MakonNF-12 Polyalkoxylated aliphatic base C82 Malic Acid C83 Mirataine Sodiumlauriminodipropionate C84 MSPO II mono sodium di hydrogen phosphate C85N-propylamine C86 Neodol N45-13 C₁₄₋₁₅ PEG (13) C87 NaCl0₃ C88N,N-dimethylhexylamine C89 N,N-dimethyloctylamine C90 Octadecylamine C91Octylamine C92 OTMACI Octyl trimethyl ammonium chloride C93 Oxalic AcidC94 Perchloric Acid C95 Phenyl trimethyl ammonium bromide C96 PhosphoricAcid C97 Polyethylene Glycol 400 C98 Propylene Glycol bis(2APE) C99Propylene Glycol 2000 C100 Rhodapex CD 128 C₈₋₁₀ ethoxylated ammoniumsulfate C101 Rhodapex PA 603 Ammonium Laureth (3 EO) sulfate C102Rhodonat LMO sucro-glyceride derivative C103 Sodium Salicylate C104Sodium Iodide C105 Sulfuric Acid C106 TAM MeCl methyl chloridequaternary form of Witcamine Ethoxylated tallow amine 8 EO (TAM 80) C107TAM 45 Ethoxylated tallow amine 4.5 EO C108 TAM 60 Ethoxylated tallowamine 6 EO C109 TAM 80 Ethoxylated tallow amine 8 EO C110 TAM 105Ethoxylated tallow amine 10.5 EO C111 tartaric acid C112 Tergitol XDCH3(CH2)3—O—(CH2CH2O)₁₈H C113 tert octyl amine C114 THF-OH C115tributylamine C116 triethanolamine C117 triethylhexylamm Br C118triisooctylamine C119 triphenylamine C120 Trisodium Citrate C121Varonic-210 cocoamine EO (10) C122 xylenes C123 Surfonic AGM-510tallowamine ethoxylate (6EO) C124 Surfonic AGM-550 CAS # 176022-82-5C125 Armeen DMCD Dimethylcocoamine C127 Sigma DPG Dipropylene GlycolC128 n-decylamine C129 55% TAM 105 + 45% Ethomeen C12 C130 CromptonC-6202 54% TAM 45 + 23% TAM 105 + 23% dipropylene glycol C131 C-6228 77%TAM 60 + dipropylene glycol C132 hetoxol CA10 POE 10 Cetyl Ether C133hetoxol STA10 POE 10 Stearyl Ether C134 Tergitol 15-S-9 C135 Tergitol15-S-12 C136 Witco Ethoxylated (15) tallow ammonium chloride C137Ethoquad T20 PEG 10 Tallow methyl ammonium chloride C138 Polypropyleneglycol C139 Aromatic 100 trimethylbenzene/xylene/cumene mixture C140 NMPN-methyl pyrrolidone C141 Witcamine 405 Witco C142 PF 8000 Witco C143Hetoxol CS15 C₁₆₋₁₈ alcohol 15 EO C144 Hetoxol CS20 C₁₆₋₁₈ alcohol 20 EOC145 Ethomeen T25 Ethoxylated 15 tallow amine C146 tetrabutylammoniumhydroxide C147 Mackine 101 cocoamidopropyl dimethylamine

Example 1

[0199] The stability of a 477 g a.e./L potassium glyphosate solution wasevaluated. 36.5% a.e. potassium glyphosate, 12% Witcamine TAM 80 (C109),5% octylamine (C91) and water to 100% were combined at room temperaturefollowed by mixing with a magnetic stir bar at about 50° C. until ahomogeneous sample was produced. A single phase, clear solution wasobtained at 50° C. and at room temperature. Stability was maintainedduring 3 days of cycling, over a 12 hour period, between −10 and 10° C.

Example 2

[0200] The stability of a 523 g a.e./L potassium glyphosate solution wasevaluated. 39.3% a.e. potassium glyphosate, 12% Witcamine TAM 80 (C109),6% octylamine (C91) and water to 100% were combined at room temperaturefollowed by mixing with a magnetic stir bar at about 50° C. until ahomogeneous sample was produced. A single phase, clear solution wasobtained at 50° C. and at room temperature. Stability was maintainedduring 3 days of cycling, over a 12 hour period, between −10 and 10° C.

Example 3

[0201] The stability of a 477 g a.e./L potassium glyphosate solution wasevaluated. 36.5% a.e. potassium glyphosate, 12% Witcamine TAM 105(C110), 5% octylamine (C91) and water to 100% were combined at roomtemperature followed by mixing with a magnetic stir bar at about 50° C.until a homogeneous sample was produced. A single phase, clear solutionwas obtained at 50° C. and at room temperature.

Examples 4-6

[0202] In examples 4-6 the stability of high load potassium glyphosateformulations were evaluated for formulations with varying surfactant andoctylamine concentrations. The formulation components were combined atroom temperature followed by mixing with a magnetic stir bar at about50° C. until a homogeneous sample was produced. Unless otherwiseindicated, the formulations were evaluated at 50° C. and roomtemperature. A “clear” result indicates a transparent single phasesolution was obtained. A “cloudy” result indicates a cloudy single phasesolution was obtained. A “fail” result indicates phase separationoccurred.

Example 4

[0203] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 526comprising 37.4% a.e. (about 490 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, 6.0%EMCOL CC-40 (Surf), 0-6.0% Octylamine (Stab) and water to 100%. Run A7YB3C C2I D0L E8M Surf. C40 C40 C40 C40 C40 wt % 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt %  2.0  3.0  5.0  5.0  6.0 50° C. CloudyCloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy RT Fail Fail Fail Fail Cloudy

Example 5

[0204] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 527comprising 37.4% a.e. (about 490 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and octylamine stabilizer (Stab.) components.Run A0P B4H C3S D7U E3X F0L G7Y H3B Surf. 1 C110 C109 C110 C109 C110C109 C110 C109 wt % 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 Surf. 2 C27  C27 C46  C46  C5  C5  C5  C5  wt % 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Stab.C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  wt % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.06.0 50° C. Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy RTFail Fail Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy Clear Clear

Example 6

[0205] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 528comprising 37.4% a.e. (about 490 9 a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and octylamine stabilizer (Stab.) components.Run A2Z B5V C0B D6M E4G F9L G3C Surf. C110 C109 C110 C110 C109 C40 C40 1wt % 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Surf. C46  C46  C5  C5  C5  C46 C5  2wt % 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Stab. C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91 C91wt % 5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 50° Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy CloudyCloudy Cloudy C. RT Cloudy Cloudy Clear Clear Clear — —

Examples 7-14

[0206] In examples 7-14 the stability of high load potassium glyphosateformulations were evaluated for formulations with varyingcompatibilization and short chain length alkyl amine concentrations. Theformulation components were combined at room temperature followed bymixing with a magnetic stir bar at about 50° C. until a homogeneoussample was produced. Unless otherwise indicated, the formulations wereevaluated overnight at high temperature (about 50° C.), roomtemperature, 10 ° C., 0° C. and −10° C. Additionally, a −10°C. samplewas evaluated after one week. A “clear” result indicates a transparentsingle phase solution was obtained. A “cloudy” result indicates a cloudysingle phase solution was obtained. A “fail” result indicates phaseseparation occurred.

Example 7

[0207] 480 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 80, 7.38% Emulgin L,0-3.0% Isopar L compatibilizer (Stab.), 0-6.0% Hexylamine (Amine), andWater to 100% −10° C. Run Stab. Amine HT RT 10° C. 0° C. −10° C. (1 wk)908W1L   0% 3.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear Fail Fail 908Z3D  3.0% 2.0%Cloudy Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 908O9F  1.0% 4.0% Clear Clear ClearClear Fail Fail 908J6B   0% 6.0% Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy908E4K   0% 4.0% Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy Fail 908K9R 2.25% 1.5%Cloudy Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 908E2D  1.5%   0% Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail 908F6X   0%   0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 908G5T 2.25%4.5% Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy Fail Fail 908H0A  3.0% 6.0% CloudyCloudy Cloudy Cloudy Fail Fail 908I8J  3.0%   0% Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail 908J2M  1.5% 6.0% Clear Cloudy Cloudy Fail Fail Fail 908K7G0.75% 1.5% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 908L9L  3.0% 3.0% Cloudy FailFail Fail Fail Fail 908M6S  1.7% 2.7% Clear Cloudy Cloudy Fail Fail Fail

Example 8

[0208] 480 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 80, 7.38% Emulgin-L,0-3.0% Isopar L stabilizer (Stab.), 0-6.0% Octylamine (Amine), and Waterto 100% −10° C. Run Stab. Amine HT RT 10° C. 0° C. −10° C. (1 wk) 909A4V  0% 3.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear Fail Fail 909B5H  3.0% 2.0% CloudyFail Fail Fail Fail Fail 909C6B  1.0% 4.0% Clear Clear Clear ClearCloudy Cloudy 909D2I   0% 6.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy909E3C   0% 4.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy 909F3P 2.25% 1.5%Cloudy Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 909G1T  1.5%   0% Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail 909H9M   0%   0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 909I4B 2.25%4.5% Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Fail 909J8O  3.0% 6.0% Clear ClearClear Clear Fail Fail 909K6J  3.0%   0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail909L6S  1.5% 6.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy 909M2K 0.75%1.5% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 909N0K  3.0% 3.0% Cloudy Cloudy FailCloudy Fail Fail 909O7E  1.7% 2.7% Clear Clear Clear Clear Fail Fail

Example 9

[0209] 480 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 80, 7.38% Emulgin-L,0-3.0% Isopar L stabilizer (Stab.), 0-6.0% Decylamine (Amine), and Waterto 100% Run Stab. Amine HT RT 10° C. 0° C. −10° C. −10° C.(1 wk) 910A2C  0% 3.0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 910B6T  3.0% 2.0% Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail 910C7B  1.0% 4.0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 910D1U  0% 6.0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 910E0P   0% 4.0% Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail 910F6A 2.25% 1.5% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 910G9K 1.5%   0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 910H6Z   0%   0% Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail 910I7W 2.25% 4.5% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 910J1W 3.0% 6.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy 910K8B  3.0%   0% FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail 910L2Y  1.5% 6.0% Cloudy Clear Clear ClearCloudy Cloudy 910M8L 0.75% 1.5% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 910N0E3.0% 3.0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 910O3G 1.7% 2.7% Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail

Example 10

[0210] 480 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 80, 7.38% Emulgin-L,0-3.0% Isopar L stabilizer (Stab), 0-6.0% Dodecylamine (Amine), andWater to 100% Run Stab. Amine HT RT 10° C. 0° C. −10° C. −10° C.(1 wk)911A3K   0% 3.0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 911B6H  3.0% 2.0% FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail 911C3K  1.0% 4.0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail911D4F   0% 6.0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 911E0I   0% 4.0% FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail 911F9H 2.25% 1.5% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail911G5V  1.5%   0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 911H7J   0%   0% FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail 911I8S 2.25% 4.5% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail911J4K  3.0% 6.0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 911K2P  3.0%   0% FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail 911L6G  1.5% 6.0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail911M1P 0.75% 1.5% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 911N5Q  3.0% 3.0% FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail 911O8Z  1.7% 2.7% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail

Example 11

[0211] 480 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 80, 7.38% Emulgin-L,0-3.0% Aromatic 150 stabilizer (Stab.), 0-6.0% Octylamine (Amine), andWater to 100% Run Stab. Amine HT RT 0° C. −10° C. −10° C.(1 wk) −20°C.(5 wks) 912A6J   0% 3.0% Clear Clear Clear Fail Fail Fail 912B8V  3.0%2.0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 912C3D  1.0% 4.0% Clear Clear ClearCloudy Cloudy Fail 912D5J   0% 6.0% Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy Fail912E0Q   0% 4.0% Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy Fail 912F7H 2.25% 1.5%Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 912G4D  1.5%   0% Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail 912H8K   0%   0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 912I3W 2.25% 4.5%Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy 912J9K  3.0% 6.0% Clear ClearClear Clear Clear Cloudy 912K2Z  3.0%   0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail912L6Q  1.5% 6.0% Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy Fail 912M2A 0.75% 1.5%Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 912N7T  3.0% 3.0% Clear Clear Clear ClearClear Cloudy 912O4B  1.7% 2.7% Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Fail

Example 12

[0212] 480 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 45, 7.38% Emulgin-L,0-3.0% Isopar L stabilizer (Stab.), 0-6.0% Octylamine (amine), and Waterto 100% Run Stab. Amine HT RT 10° C. 0° C. −10° C. −10° C.(1 wk) 913A7R  0% 3.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear Fail Fail 913B3E  3.0% 2.0% ClearClear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy 913C4P  1.0% 4.0% Clear Clear ClearClear Cloudy Cloudy 913D8R   0% 6.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear CloudyCloudy 913E4B   0% 4.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Fail 913F0S 2.25%1.5% Clear Clear Clear Clear Fail Fail 913G1A  1.5%   0% Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail 913H3M   0%   0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 913I5V2.25% 4.5% Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy 913E2I  3.0% 6.0% ClearClear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy 913I8M  3.0%   0% Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail 913T6V  1.5% 6.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy 913J7N0.75% 1.5% Clear Clear Clear Clear Fail Fail 913P2Z  3.0% 3.0% ClearClear Clear Clear Clear Fail 913U5V  1.7% 2.7% Clear Clear Clear ClearCloudy Fail

Example 13

[0213] 480 g a.e./l potassium glyphosate, 4.92% TAM 45, 7.38% Emulgin-L,0-3.0% Aromatic 150 stabilizer (Stab.), 06.0% Octylamine (Amine), andWater to 100% Run Stab. Amine HT RT 10° C. 0° C. −10° C. −10° C.(1 wk)914A2C   0% 3.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear Fail Fail 914B7H  3.0% 2.0%Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy 914C3S  1.0% 4.0% Clear ClearClear Clear Cloudy Fail 914D7N   0% 6.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear CloudyCloudy 914E4H   0% 4.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Fail 914F8F 2.25%1.5% Fail Fail Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy 914G3O  1.5%   0% Fail FailFail Fail Fail Fail 914H1P   0%   0% Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail914I2W 2.25% 4.5% Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy 914J6C  3.0% 6.0%Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy 914K9A  3.0%   0% Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail 914L2T  1.5% 6.0% Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy914M4D 0.75% 1.5% Clear Clear Clear Clear Fail Fail 914N9L  3.0% 3.0%Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Cloudy 914O3X  1.7% 2.7% Clear Clear ClearClear Cloudy Cloudy

Example 14

[0214] 37% (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, Emulgen-L (Surf.1), TAM 60 (Surf. 2) or TAM 80 (Surf. 2-Run 915A3W), octylamine (Stab.1), Aromatic 150 (Stab. 2), and Water to 100%. −10° C. −20° C. Run Surf.1 Surf. 2 Stab. 1 Stab. 2 (1 wk) (6 wks) 915A3W 2.46% 3.69%  1.5% 1.54%Clear Fail 915B8J 2.44% 3.69% 1.51% 1.51% Clear Fail 915C6Z — 4.61%1.01% — Clear Clear 915D0L — 5.29% 0.99% — Clear Clear 915E5T — 6.13%1.02% — Clear Clear 915F9K — 4.66%   2% — Clear Clear 915G6N — 5.25%  2% — Clear Clear 915H3U — 7.35% 1.02% — Clear Fail 915I8D —   9%  1.1%— Clear Fail 915J6W — 4.63% — — Clear Fail 915K9B — 8.19%   1% — ClearClear

Examples 15-151

[0215] In examples 15-151 the stability of high load glyphosateformulations were evaluated for formulations with varyingcompatibilization and short chain length alkyl amine concentrations.Unless otherwise indicated the potassium salt of glyphosate wasevaluated. The formulation components were combined at room temperaturefollowed by mixing with a magnetic stir bar at about 60° C. until ahomogeneous sample was produced. Unless otherwise noted, theformulations were evaluated at high temperature (about 60° C.) andovernight at the indicated temperatures. A sample that failed was notfurther tested at lower temperatures. A “clear” result indicates atransparent single phase solution was obtained. A “cloudy” resultindicates a cloudy single phase solution was obtained. A “fail” resultindicates phase separation or solidification occurred.

Example 15

[0216] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 101comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3D B7YC4R D9W E2F F1M G6K H6Y Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C27 C27 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.84.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C40 C40 C40 C109 C109 C40 C40 C40 wt% 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C74 C92 C92 C74  C74  C74 C74C74 wt % 6   6   6   5   5   3   5   7   60° C. Clear Clear Fail FailFail Fail Fail Fail RT Clear Fail No No No No No No test test test testtest test 10° C. Clear No No No No No No No test test test test testtest test

Example 16

[0217] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 104comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and octylamine stabilizer (Stab.) components.Run A6Y B2W C6H D0M E1S F5F G8K H5B Surf. 1 C16  C17  C18  C18  C20 C21  C22  C23  wt % 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109C109 C109 C109 wt % 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Stab. C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91 C91  C91  wt % 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear ClearClear Clear Clear RT Clear Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 10° C.Fail No No No No No No No test test test test test test test  0° C. NoNo No No No No No No test test test test test test test test

Example 17

[0218] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 106comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3EB9L C3C D3W E8K Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 wt % 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8Surf. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 wt % 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Stab. 1 C15 C15 C15C15 C15 wt % 3.3 5.2 1.7 5.2 1   Stab. 2 C30 C30 C30 C30 C30 wt % 8.35.5 2.1 10.6  6.8 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Clear FailClear Clear Clear 10° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail  0° C. No test No testNo test No test No test

Example 18

[0219] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 108comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and octylamine stabilizer (Stab.) components.Run A4J B5T C2W D9O E7G F9K G5N H6R Surf. 1 C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46C110 C11 wt % 3.6 4.8 6 7.2 8.4 12 12 4.8 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110C110 — — — wt % 8.4 7.2 6 4.8 3.6 — — — Stab. C91  C91  C91  C91  C91 C91 C91  C91  wt % 5   5   5 5   5    5  5 5   60° C. Clear Clear ClearClear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail FailClear 10° C. No No No No No No No Clear test test test test test testtest  0° C. No No No No No No No Cloudy test test test test test testtest  0° C.* No No No No No No No Cloudy test test test test test testtest

Example 19

[0220] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 110comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3C B6KC4F D9L Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C11 wt % 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surf. 2 C110 C110C110 C110 wt % 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Stab. C91 C74 C85 C91 wt % 6 4 4 5 60° C.Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Clear Clear Fail Clear 10° C. Fail Fail FailFail  0° C. No test No test No test No test

Example 20

[0221] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 112comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3S B9FC6G D5K E0P F7H G1C Surf. 1 C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C120 wt % 3.64.8 6 7.2 8.4 12 12 Surf. 2 C121 C121 C121 C121 C121 — — wt % 8.4 7.2 64.8 3.6 — — Stab. C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91 C91  wt % 5   5   5 5  5    5  5 60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test 10° C. No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test  0° C. No test No test No test No testNo test No test No test

Example 21

[0222] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 114comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4V B8KC5F D9L E2B F3S G0B Surf. 1 C5  C5  C5  C5  C5  C5  C110 wt % 3.6 4.8 67.2 8.4 12 12 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 — — wt % 8.4 7.2 6 4.83.6 — — Stab. C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91 C91  wt % 5   5   5 5   5   5  5 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail Fail 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test Notest No test  0° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test Notest

Example 22

[0223] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 116comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5T B9JC3S D1W E8H F5X G9Z Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C40 wt % 3.6 4.8 67.2 8.4 12 12 Surf. 2 C40 C40 C40 C40 C40 — — wt % 8.4 7.2 6 4.8 3.6 — —Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 5   5   5 5   5    5  5 60° C.Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test No test 0° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 23

[0224] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 117comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A6B B4KC5T D9I E2X F6V G5Q H8N I5X J9P Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C43 C43 C43C43 C43 C43 C43 C43  C43 C43 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 Stab. C90 C38 C113 C85 C74 C78 C92 C117 C95 C36 wt % 6   6   6   6  6   6   6   6   6   6   60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear ClearClear Clear Clear RT Clear Fail Fail Fail Clear Fail Clear Fail FailFail 10° C. Clear No test No test No test Clear No test Fail No test Notest No test  0° C. Cloudy No test No test No test Cloudy No test Notest No test No test No test

Example 24

[0225] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 118comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4V B6KC3J D0W E6B F2X G7I H9Q I4T Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27  C27  C27  C27  C27  C27C27 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C43 C43 C43  C43 C43  C43  C43  C43 C43 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab.C1  C25 C116 C118 C115 C113 C119 C89 C88 wt % 6   6   6   6   6   6  6   6   6   60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear ClearRT Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Clear 10° C. No Test No testNo test No test No test No Test No test No test No test  0° C. No TestNo test No test No test No test No Test No test No test No test

Example 25

[0226] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 119comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4VB6K C3J D0W E6B F2X G7I H9Q I4T Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27C27 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43C43 C43 C43 C43 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C74 C92C36 C91 C92 C89 C78 C85 C74 wt % 4 4 4 4 7 7 7 7 5.5 60° C. Clear ClearClear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Clear Clear Clear Fail FailFail Fail Fail Clear 10° C. Fail Fail Fail No test No test No test Notest No test Cloudy  0° C. No Test No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test Fail

Example 26

[0227] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 120comprising 36.9% (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate (Run A5R),31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate (all other runs)and the listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. RunA5R B2W C7V D5T E9P Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. 1 C74C74 C92 C92 C92 wt % 5.5 5.5 6 6 5 Stab. 2 C25 C25 C25 — — wt % 0.3 0.30.3 — — 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Clear Clear Clear ClearClear 10° C. Fail Fail Clear Clear Clear  0° C. No test No test FailFail Clear

Example 27

[0228] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 122comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A8N B6KC4L D2M E3A F7C G6Y Surf. 1 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C40 wt % 3.6 4.8 6 7.2 8.412 12 Surf. 2 C40 C40 C40 C40 C40 — — wt % 8.4 7.2 6 4.8 3.6 — — Stab.C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 5 5 5 5 5  5  5 60° C. Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail Clear RT No test No test No test No test No test No testFail 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test No test  0°C. No test No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 28

[0229] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 124comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5N B7UC0P D5J E4W F9K G5V Surf. 1 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C110 wt % 3.6 4.8 67.2 8.4 12 12 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 — — wt % 8.4 7.2 6 4.83.6 — — Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 5 5 5 5 5  5  5 60° C.Clear Clear Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT Clear Clear No test No test Notest No test No test 10° C. Clear Clear No test No test No test No testNo test  0° C. Fail Fail No test No test No test No test No test

Example 29

[0230] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 125comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A9BB6I C4D D2L E2A Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 wt % 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8Surf. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 wt % 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Stab. C74 C92 C92C92 C92 wt % 5.5 6 5 7 6 Other Add. C32 — — — C15 wt % 0.3 — — — 0.3 60°C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear 10° C.Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail  0° C. No test No test No test No test No test

Example 30

[0231] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 126comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A9LB5Y C3S D8U E1R Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27 C46 C46 wt % 7.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8Surf. 2 C43 C43 C110 C43 C43 wt % 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Stab. C36 C74 C92C92 C74 wt % 2.3 6 6 6 6 Other Add. C15 C32 C32 — C32 wt % 3.3 0.3 0.3 —0.3 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Clear Clear Clear ClearClear 10° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail  0° C. No test No test No test Notest No test

Example 31

[0232] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 127comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5GB9K C4M D2X E8O F2W Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 wt % 4 4 4 4 4 4Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 6 6 6 6 6 6 Stab. C74 C74 C74C74 C91 C38 wt % 3 4 5 6 5 5 60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RTFail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 10° C. No test No test No test No test Notest No test  0° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 32

[0233] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 128comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4PB3D C5G D4H E8J F1V G4X Surf. 1 C5 C5 C27 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4 4 4.84.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C42 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 6 6 7.27.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C74 C92 C74 C92 C92 C74 C74 wt % 6 6 6 3 4 3 6 60°C. Clear Clear Clear Fail Clear Clear Clear RT Clear Clear Clear No testClear Clear Clear 10° C. Cloudy Fail Fail No test Clear Clear Clear  0°C. Cloudy No test No test No test Fail Cloudy Cloudy

Example 33

[0234] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 129comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A6HB4F C9K D3M E1S F0L G5N H3Z I6F J2U Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C74 C74 C92 C92 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 — wt % 2 12 1 1 2 3 4 5 — 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear ClearClear Fail RT Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Notest 10° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Notest  0° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Clear Clear Clear Clear No test

Example 34

[0235] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 130comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A8M B6HC0S D1J E3X F5G G4K H7V Surf. 1 C27 C27 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4 44.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surf. 2 C43 C43 C121 C121 C110 C110 C40 C40 wt %6 6 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Stab. C91 C74 C91 C74 C91 C91 C91 C92 wt % 66 6 6 5 4 6 6 60° C. Fail Fail Fail Clear Fail Fail Clear Fail RT Notest No test No Clear No No Clear No test test test test 10° C. No testNo test No Clear No No Clear No test test test test  0° C. No test Notest No Cloudy No No Fail No test test test test

Example 35

[0236] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 131comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4F B7JC7L D1A E7N F5O Surf. 1 C11  C11  C5  C5  C5  C5  wt % 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.84.8 4.8 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C40 C40 wt % 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2Stab. C91  C92  C92  C91  C91 C92 wt % 6   6   6   6   6   6   60° C.Fail Fail Fail Fail Clear Fail RT No test No test No test No test ClearNo test 10° C. No test No test No test No test Cloudy No test  0° C. Notest No test No test No test Cloudy No test

Example 36

[0237] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 133comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A0BB5K C2P D6G E1Z F7U G9A H4D Surf. 1 C27 C27 C46 C46  C46  C46  C27 C46wt % 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.8 Surf. 2 C43 C43 C43 C110 C110 C110C43 C40 wt % 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.2 Stab. C92 C74 C92 C92  C92 C91  C91 C74 wt % 7   5.5 6   6   1   6   6   6   60° C. Fail Fail FailFail Clear Clear Clear Clear RT No No No No Fail Clear Clear Fail testtest test test 10° C. No No No No No Fail Fail No test test test testtest test  0° C. No No No No No No No No test test test test test testtest test

Example 37

[0238] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 134comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A6V B7UC0S D3N E9L F1X G6J H8M Surf. 1 C27  C27  C27  C27  C46  C46  C46  C46 wt % 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Stab. C74  C91  C91 C74  C74  C74  C74  C91  wt % 6.5 6.5 4   4   3   5   7   3   60° C.Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Fail Clear Fail RT Fail Fail Fail FailFail No Clear No test test 10° C. No No No No No No Fail No test testtest test test test test  0° C. No No No No No No Fail No test test testtest test test test

Example 38

[0239] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 135comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3C B9HC4R D0Z E5M F2W G6B H7U Surf. 1 C27 C27 C46  C46  C27  C27  C27  C27  wt% 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C43 C43 C110 C110 C43  C43 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 Other — — — — C114 C114C114 C114 wt % — — — — 1   1   1   1   Stab. C91 C91 C91  C91  C91  C91 C91  C91  wt % 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60° C. Clear Clear ClearClear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Fail Fail Clear Clear Fail Fail FailFail 10° C. No No Fail Fail No No No No test test test test test test 0° C. No No No No No No No No test test test test test test test test

Example 39

[0240] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 136comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A8I B4RC3N D9J E1S F0L G4X H3C Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27  C27  C27  C27  C27 C27 wt %4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surf. 2 C43 C43 C110 C110 C43  C43  C43C43 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Other — — C114 C114 C114 C114 —— wt % — — 3   1.5 1.5 3   — — Stab. C91 C91 C91  C91  C91  C91  C91 C91wt % 6   6   5   5   5   5   10   12   60° C. Clear Clear Clear ClearClear Clear Clear Clear RT Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 10°C. No No No No No No No No test test test test test test test test  0°C. No No No No No No No No test test test test test test test test

Example 40

[0241] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 137comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7H B5TC8K D1L Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 wt % 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 Surf. 2 C110 C110C110 C110 wt % 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Other C114 C114 C77 C77 wt % 0.25 0.50.25 0.5 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 3 3 3 3 60° C. Clear Clear ClearClear RT Fail Fail Fail Fail 10° C. No test No test No test No test  0°C. No test No test No test No test

Example 41

[0242] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 138comprising 36.5% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) (Run HOV@ 38% —about 513 ga.e./L) potassium glyphosate and the listed surfactant (Surf.) andstabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A9J B5D C5K D3X E7U F1P G4B H0V I8PSurf. 1 C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  wt % 5.8 5.8 5.85.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110C110 wt % 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 Stab. C91  C74  C91  C91 C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  wt % 7   7   8.5 6.5 7   7.5 8.5 9   9   60° C.Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test No test 10° C. No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test No test No test  0° C. No testNo test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 42

[0243] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 139comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5LB2S C7H Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 wt %7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 wt % 5 5 5 60° C. Fail Fail Fail RT Notest No test No test 10° C. No test No test No test  0° C. No test Notest No test

Example 43

[0244] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 140comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A0PB6F C4Z D2W E7K Surf. 1 C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.94.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. 1C38  C38  C38  C38  C91  wt % 0.5 1   0.5 1   0.5 Stab. 2 — — C91  C91 — wt % — — 1   1   — 60° C. Fail Fail Clear Fail Clear RT No test Notest Clear No test Clear 10° C. No test No test Clear No test Clear   0°C. No test No test Fail No test Fail

[0245] Run F6G G9B H2V I5S Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab 1. C91 C91 C91 C30wt % 1 1 1 0.5 Stab. 2 — C30 C30 — wt % — 0.5 1 — 60° C. Clear ClearClear Clear RT Clear Fail Clear Clear 10° C. Clear No test Fail Fail  0°C. Fail No test No test No test

Example 44

[0246] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 141comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7JB6G C4L D0S E7N F4B G6W H9L I1V Surf. 1 C27  C27  C27  C27  C27  C27 C27  C27  C27  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 7.4 Stab. C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  wt% 5   6  7   8   9   10   4   3   2   60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear ClearClear Clear Clear RT Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear ClearClear 10° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail  0° C. No testNo test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 45

[0247] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 143comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3W B3PC7Y D5J E0C Surf. 1 C27  C27  C27  C27  C27  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C91 C91  C91  C91  C91  wt % 2   4   6   8   10   60° C. Clear Cloudy CloudyClear Clear RT Clear Fail Fail Clear Clear 10° C. Fail No test No testCloudy Cloudy  0° C. No test No test No test Fail Fail

Example 46

[0248] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 144comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A6U B1XC6Y D2P E8H Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2C40 C40 C40 C40 C40 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91wt % 2   4   6   8   10   60° C. Fail Clear Clear Clear Clear RT No testFail Fail Fail Fail 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test  0°C. No test No test No test No test No test

Example 47

[0249] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 145comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3E B0KC4V D1Q E3T Surf. 1 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9  4.9 Surf.2 C40 C40 C40 C40 C40 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4  7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91C91 wt % 2 4 6 8 10 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Fail FailFail Fail Fail 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test  0° C. Notest No test No test No test No test

Example 48

[0250] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 146comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3E B0KC4V D1Q E3T Surf. 1 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9  4.9 Surf.2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4  7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91C91 C91 wt % 2 4 6 8 10 60° C. Cloudy Fail Clear Clear Clear RT Fail Notest Clear Clear Clear 10° C. No test No test Fail Fail Fail  0° C. Notest No test No test No test No test

Example 49

[0251] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 147comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5F B9IC2S D6G E8V Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9  4.9 Surf.2 C40 C40 C40 C40 C40 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4  7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91C91 wt % 2 4 6 8 10 60° C. Clear Cloudy Cloudy Clear Clear RT CloudyFail Clear Clear Clear 10° C. Fail No test Fail Fail Fail  0° C. No testNo test No test No test No test

Example 50

[0252] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 148comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A6H B2ZC7J D0R E3D Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9  4.9 Surf.2 C41 C41 C41 C41 C41 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4  7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91C91 wt % 2 4 6 8 10 60° C. Clear Fail Fail Clear Clear RT Clear FailFail Clear Clear 10° C. Fail Cloudy Cloudy Fail Fail  0° C. No test FailFail No test Fail

Example 51

[0253] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 149comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A2D B0OC4V D2B E7Q Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9  4.9 Surf.2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4  7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91C91 C91 wt % 2 4 6 8 10 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT ClearClear Clear Clear Clear 10° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear  0° C. FailFail Fail Fail Fail

Example 52

[0254] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 150comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4R B9KC2A Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.47.4 7.4 Stab. C30 C30 C30 wt % 1 2 3 60° C. Clear Clear Clear RT FailFail Fail 10° C. No test No test No test  0° C. No test No test No test

Example 53

[0255] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 151comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A1TB5S C3G D9L E8E F5H G3K H7R I5B J0Z K5Q Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.27.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 Stab. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 Stab. 2 — — — — — — — —C30 C30 C30 wt % — — — — — — — — 1 2 3 60° C. Clear Clear Clear ClearClear Clear Clear Clear Fail Fail Fail RT Clear Clear Clear Clear ClearClear Clear Clear No test No test No test 10° C. Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail Fail No test No test No test  0° C. No test No test Notest No test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 54

[0256] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 152comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5NB5L C2U D9Y E6H F0S Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 wt % 4 4 4 4 4 4Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 6 6 6 6 6 6 Stab. C91 C91 C91C91 C91 C91 wt % 1 2 3 4 5 6 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear ClearRT Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear 10° C. Cloudy Cloudy CloudyCloudy Cloudy Cloudy  0° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail

Example 55

[0257] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 153comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7YB2D C2C D7J E9O F7Y Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.84.8 4.8 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.27.2 Stab. C92 C92 C92 C92 C92 C92 wt % 1 2 3 4 5 6 60° C. Cloudy CloudyCloudy Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy RT Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 10° C. Notest No test No test No test No test No test  0° C. No test No test Notest No test No test No test

Example 56

[0258] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 154comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A2TB1Q C9K D5L E7W F7K Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.84.8 4.8 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.27.2 Stab. C76 C76 C76 C76 C76 C76 wt % 1 2 3 4 5 6 60° C. Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No test No test 10° C.No test No test No test No test No test No test  0° C. No test No testNo test No test No test No test

Example 57

[0259] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 155comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A6T B2UC3V Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.47.4 7.4 Stab. 1 C91 C91 C91 wt % 6.5 6.5 6.5 Stab. 2 C114 C44 C75 wt %6.8 6.82 6.8 60° C. Clear Clear Clear RT Fail Fail Fail 10° C. No testNo test No test  0° C. No test No test No test

Example 58

[0260] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 156comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3P B2XC9Y D5N E7B F1Z G8M H5C I9K J4F Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9  4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 7.4  7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10 60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Clear Fail Fail Fail FailRT No test No test No test No test No test Fail No test No test No testNo test 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test No testNo test No test No test  0° C. No test No test No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test

Example 59

[0261] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 157comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7U B2SC8J D4F E0A Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9  4.9 Surf.2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4  7.4 Stab. C92 C92 C92C92 C92 wt % 2 4 6 8 10 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT FailClear Clear Clear Clear 10° C. No test Fail Fail Fail Fail  0° C. Notest No test No test No test No test

Example 60

[0262] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 158comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7U B2SC8J D4F E0A Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9  4.9 Surf.2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4  7.4 Stab. C76 C76 C76C76 C76 wt % 2 4 6 8 10 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT FailFail Fail Fail Fail 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test  0°C. No test No test No test No test No test

Example 61

[0263] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 159comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7U B2SC8J D4F E0A Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9  4.9 Surf.2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4  7.4 Stab. C74 C74 C74C74 C74 wt % 2 4 6 8 10 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT FailClear Clear Fail Fail 10° C. No test Fail Fail No test No test  0° C. Notest No test No test No test No test

Example 62

[0264] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 160comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5V B9KC2A D5X E0L F6Y G2R H7P Surf. 1 C46 C46 C27 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.94.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C85 C85 C85 C85 C85 C85C85 — wt % 0.25 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 — 60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear CloudyCloudy Clear Clear RT Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 10° C. NoNo No No No No No No test test test test test test test test  0° C. NoNo No No No No No No test test test test test test test test

Example 63

[0265] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 161comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5F B2HC5W D9N E8A F7E G4G Surf. 1 C46 C46 C27 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.84.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.47.2 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 1 1 1 1 2 34 Stab. 2 C74 C74 C74 C74 C74 C74 C74 wt % 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 60° C. ClearClear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Fail Fail Clear Clear Fail FailClear 10° C. No test No test Fail Fail No test No test Fail  0° C. Notest No test Fail Fail No test No test No test

Example 64

[0266] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 163comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate andstabilizer (Stab.) components with no added surfactant. Run A2Z B4U C0ND8D E2D F1B G8S H1P I5R J8D K5V L3R Stab. C87 C73 C93 C96 C26 C80 C7 C32C120 C80 C103 C104 wt % 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 60° C. Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test  0° C. No test No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 65

[0267] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 164comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A6T B2UC3V D7U Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110C110 C109 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. 1 C74 C74 C74 C74 wt % 3 5 7 6.560° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Clear Clear Clear Clear 10° C. FailFail Fail Fail  0° C. No test No test No test No test

Example 66

[0268] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 165comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3SB6G C1K D7P E4R F0B Surf. 1 C46 C16 C17 C18 C21 C5 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.94.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 Stab. C74 C74 C74 C74 C74 C74 wt % 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60° C.Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail 10°C. No test No test No test No test No test No test  0° C. No test Notest No test No test No test No test

Example 67

[0269] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 167comprising 5% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate andstabilizer (Stab.) components with no added surfactant. Run A6G B2Q C9KD7N E3T F0J G3X H7R I2Y J0L K1E L5V Stab. C87 C73 C93 C96 C26 C80 C7 C32C120 C80 C103 C104 wt % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 60° C. Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test  0° C. No test No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 68

[0270] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 175comprising 5% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate andstabilizer (Stab.) components with no added surfactant. Run A3F B8J C0SD2M E8W F8R Stab. C93 C82 C2 C111 C34 C34 wt % 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.360° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No testNo test No test 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test 0° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 69

[0271] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trials 176(A3D) and 178 comprising 36.9% a.e. potassium glyphosate (about 480 ga.e./L) and the listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.)components. Run A3D A2P B4X C9K D1B E7R F3B G5V Surf. 1 C46 C79 C79 C79C79 C79 C79 C110 wt % 4.9 3 4 5 6 7 10 10 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110C110 C110 — — wt % 7.4 7 6 5 4 3 — — Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91C91 wt % 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5  6.5  6.5 60° C. Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No No No No No test testtest test test 10° C. No test No test No test No No No No No test testtest test test  0° C. No test No test No test No No No No No test testtest test test

Example 70

[0272] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 180comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7H B2LC3Q D9K E6N F7K Surf. 1 C79  C79  C79 C79 C5  C5  wt % 4   5   4   5  4   4   Surf. 2 C110 C110 C48 C48 C110 C48 wt % 6   5   6   5   6   6  Stab. C91  C91  C91 C91 C91  C91 wt % 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60° C.Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No testNo test 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test  0° C. Notest No test No test No test No test No test

Example 71

[0273] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 182comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5T B3UC2W D9C E1A F6X Surf. 1 C79  C5  C27  C79 C5  C27 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.94.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C48 C48 C48 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4Stab. C91  C91  C91  C91 C91 C91 wt % 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60° C.Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No testNo test 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test  0° C. Notest No test No test No test No test No test

Example 72

[0274] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 184comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A9I B5VC5K D0P E3Z F5N G4L Surf. 1 C27 C27 C46 C5  C79 C48 C3  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.94.9 4.9 4.9 12.3 Surf. 2 C3  C3  C3  C3  C3  C3  — wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 7.4 — Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test Notest No test No test No test No test 10° C. No test No test No test Notest No test No test No test  0° C. No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test

Example 73

[0275] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 185comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A2H B6GC1A D9P E5T F7N G3D H8K I8J Surf. 1 C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46 C46  C46  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 Stab. 1 C91  C91  C91  C91  — C91  C91  C91  C91  wt % 4   3   2  3   — 3   4   5   6   Stab. 2 — C47  C47  C47  C47  C47  C47  C47  — wt% — 1   2   1   4   3   2   1   — 60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test No test  0° C. No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test No test No test

Example 74

[0276] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 186comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3R B1WC1N D8G E3S F9T Surf. 1 C5  C5  C5  C5  C5  C5  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.94.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4Stab. C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  wt % 0   2   4   6   8   5   60° C.Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No testNo test 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test  0° C. Notest No test No test No test No test No test

Example 75

[0277] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 187comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A8H B9PC6F D0S E2A F5D Surf. 1 C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.94.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 7.4 Stab. 1 C45  C91  C91  C91  C91  C91  wt % 6   1   2   3   4  5   Stab. 2 — C45  C45  C45  C45  C45  wt % — 5   4   3   2   1   60° C.Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No testNo test 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test  0° C. Notest No test No test No test No test No test

Example 76

[0278] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 188comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7U B2SC8N D4G E1W F2V Surf. 1 C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.94.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 7.4 Stab. 1 C98  C91  C91  C97  C91  C91  wt % 6   2   4   6   2  4   Stab. 2 — C98  C98  — C97  C97  wt % — 4   2   — 4   2   60° C. FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No test Notest 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test  0° C. Notest No test No test No test No test No test

Example 77

[0279] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 189comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7K B1PC3Z D0R E3K F2C G7J H4F I5N Surf. 1 C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46 C46  C46  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 Stab. 1 C99  C91  C91  C100 C91  C91  C101 C91  C91  wt % 6   2  4   6   2   4   6   2   4   Stab. 2 — C99  C99  — C100 C100 — C101 C101wt % — 4   2   — 4   2   — 4   2   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test No test  0° C. No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test No test No test

Example 78

[0280] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 190comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A2S B6BC9K D5L E2Z F0F G5B H3K I1Z Surf. 1 C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46 C46  C46  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 Stab. 1 C83  C91  C91  C24  C91  C91  C13  C91  C91  wt % 6   2  4   6   2   4   6   2   4   Stab. 2 — C83  C83  — C24  C24  — C13  C13 wt % — 4   2   — 4   2   — 4   2   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test No test  0° C. No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test No test No test

Example 79

[0281] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 191comprising 36.7% a.e. (about 480 9 a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7H B9WC5N D3M E1J F8V G3K H2A I0E Surf. 1 C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46  C46 C46  C46  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 Stab. 1 C72  C91  C91  C102 C91  C91  C84  C91  C91  wt % 6   2  4   6   2   4   6   2   4   Stab. 2 — C72  C72  — 102 C102 — C84  C84 wt % — 4   2   — 4   2   — 4   2   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail ClearFail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No test Clear No testNo test No test 10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No testNo test No test No test  0° C. No test No test No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test

Example 80

[0282] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 721comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A9K B3CC5M D2Z E0L F1A Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 2.5 3.7 6.2 7.4 8.69.8 Surf.2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 wt % 9.8 8.6 6.2 4.9 3.7 2.5Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 4 4 4 4 4 4   60° C. Clear Clear FailFail Fail Cloudy RT Clear Clear Fail Fail Fail Cloudy −10° C. CloudyFail Fail Fail Fail Cloudy

Example 81

[0283] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 722comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A6B B2UC9L D1Z E3K F0R Surf. C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 wt % 9.2 10.6 12.39.2 10.6 12.3 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 4  4  4 6  6  6   60°C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Clear Clear Clear Clear ClearClear −10° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear −10° C.* Clear ClearClear Clear Clear Clear

Example 82

[0284] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 723comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7J B4PC2B D8M E3I F0V Surf. C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 9.2 10.6 12.39.2 10.6 12.3 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 4  4  4 6  6  6   60°C. Clear Fail Fail Clear Clear Clear RT Clear No test No test ClearClear Clear −10° C. Clear No test No test Clear Clear Clear −10° C.*Clear No test No test Clear Clear Fail

Example 83

[0285] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 724comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7J B4PC2B D8M E3I F0V Surf. C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 C43 wt % 9.2 10.6 12.3 9.210.6 12.3 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 4  4  4 6  6  6   60° C.Fail Fail Fail Clear Fail Fail RT No test No test No test Clear No testNo test −10° C. No test No test No test Fail No test No test

Example 84

[0286] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 725comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A2S B9KC5N D3C E6H F4A Surf. C106 C106 C106 C106 C106 C106 wt % 9.2 10.6 12.39.2 10.6 12.3 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 4  4  4 6  6  6 60° C.Clear Fail Fail Clear Clear Fail RT Clear No test No test Clear Clear Notest −10° C. Clear No test No test Clear Clear No test −10° C.* Clear Notest No test Clear Clear No test

Example 85

[0287] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 726comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A8N B3CC1L D0Q E6G Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91— wt % 4 3 2 1 —   60° C. Clear Fail Fail Fail Fail RT Clear No test Notest No test No test −10° C. Clear No test No test No test No test

Example 86

[0288] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 727comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7Y B3LC2Z D9B Surf.1 C109 C109 C109 C109 wt % 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 Stab. C91C91 C91 — wt % 3 2 1 —   60° C. Clear Fail Fail Fail RT Clear No test Notest No test −10° C. Clear No test No test No test −10° C.* Clear Notest No test No test

Example 87

[0289] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 728comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A2E B3AC5C D0L E2N F8T G4N H6B Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C110 C110C110 C110 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91C91 C91 C91 C91 wt %  3 3 3 3  4 4 4 4   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No No No No No test test testtest test −10° C. No test No test No test No No No No No test test testtest test

Example 88

[0290] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 729comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4C B9OC3F D6B E7L F2S G7B H0W Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C43 C43C43 C43 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91C91 C91 C91 wt %  5 5 5 5  6 6 6 6   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No No No No No test test testtest test −10° C. No test No test No test No No No No No test test testtest test

Example 89

[0291] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 730comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7T B3FC2P D9L E5N F0B G7R H4E Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C106 C106 C106 C106 C109 C109C109 C109 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91C91 C91 C91 C91 wt %  5 5 5 5  5 5 5 5   60° C. Fail Fail Fail FailClear Clear Clear Clear RT No No No No Clear Clear Clear Clear test testtest test −10° C. No No No No Clear Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy test test testtest

Example 90

[0292] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 731comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7T B3FC2P D9L E5N F0B G7R H4E Surf. 1 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 C5 wt %  1.2 2.53.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C110 C110 C110 C110wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91C91 wt %  5 5 5 5  5 5 5 5   60° C. Clear Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy ClearFail Fail Fail RT Clear Fail Fail Fail Clear No test No test No test−10° C. Cloudy No test No test No test Cloudy No test No test No test

Example 91

[0293] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 732comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4R B6TC0S D0M E2X F4K G1A H3Y Surf. 1 C79 C79 C79 C79 C5 C5 C5 C5 wt %  1.22.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C110 C110 C110C110 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91C91 C91 C91 wt %  5 5 5 5  5 5 5 5   60° C. Clear Fail Fail Fail ClearFail Fail Fail RT Clear No test No No Clear No No No test test test testtest −10° C. Cloudy No test No No Cloudy No No No test test test testtest

Example 92

[0294] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 733comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A9G B3MC7K D2W E1J F9T G0S H7J Surf. 1 C5 C5 C5 C5 C79 C79 C79 C79 wt %  1.22.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109C109 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91C91 C91 C91 wt %  3 3 3 3  3 3 3 3   60° C. Clear Cloudy Fail FailCloudy Fail Fail Fail RT Clear Fail No No Fail No No No test test testtest test −10° C. Cloudy No test No No No test No No No test test testtest test

Example 93

[0295] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 734comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5R B8VC0A D7F E4H F3Y G9X H5U Surf. 1 C5 C5 C5 C5 C11 C11 C11 C11 wt %  1.22.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109C109 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91C91 C91 C91 wt %  1 1 1 1  3 3 3 3   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail ClearClear Cloudy Cloudy RT No test No No No Clear Clear Fail Fail test testtest −10° C. No test No No No Clear Clear No test No test test test test

Example 94

[0296] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 735comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A9K B2JC8X D7Q E8L F2V Surf. 1 C42 C42 C42 C42 C42 C42 wt % 9.2 10.6 12.3 9.210.6 12.3 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 6  6  6 4  4  4   60° C.Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear RT Clear Clear Clear Clear ClearClear −10° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear −10° C.* Clear ClearClear Clear Clear Clear

Example 95

[0297] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 736comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4F B7MC1A D5K E0R F8E G5H H3B Surf. 1 C5 C5 C5 C5 C11 C11 C11 C11 wt %  1.22.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109C109 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91C91 C91 C91 wt %  2 2 2 2  2 2 2 2   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No No No No No test test testtest test −10° C. No test No test No test No No No No No test test testtest test

Example 96

[0298] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 737comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4F B7MC1A D5K E0R F8E G5H H3B Surf. 1 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 wt % 1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C110 C110C110 C110 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91C91 C91 C91 C91 wt %  4 4 4 4  4 4 4 4   60° C. Clear Clear Clear CloudyFail Fail Fail Fail RT Clear Clear Clear Fail No No No No test test testtest −10° C. Cloudy Fail Fail No test No No No No test test test test

Example 97

[0299] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 738comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A8M B3EC9K D1S E5Z F8J Surf. 1 C109 C109 C109 C42 C42 C42 wt % 9.2 10.6 12.39.2 10.6 12.3 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 2  2  2 2  2  2   60°C. Clear Clear Fail Clear Clear Clear RT Clear Clear Fail Clear ClearClear −10° C. Clear Clear Fail Clear Clear Fail −10° C.* Fail Fail Notest Clear Fail No test

Example 98

[0300] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 739comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4F B7MC1A D5K E0R F8E G5H H3B Surf. 1 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 C11 wt % 1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C43 C43 C43 C43 C42 C42 C42C42 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91C91 C91 wt %  4 4 4 4  4 4 4 4   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Clear ClearClear Fail RT No test No test No test No Clear Clear Clear No test test−10° C. No test No test No test No Clear Clear Clear No test test

Example 99

[0301] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 740comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A8J B1XC5T D4V E9K F4G G2W H0C Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C11 C11 C11 C11 wt % 1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C42 C42 C42 C42 C43 C43 C43C43 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91C91 C91 wt %  4 4 4 4  4 4 4 4   60° C. Clear Clear Cloudy Cloudy FailFail Fail Fail RT Clear Clear Fail Fail No No No No test test test test−10° C. Clear Clear No test No test No No No No test test test test −10°C.* Clear Fail No test No test No No No No test test test test

Example 100

[0302] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 741comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A2V B8JC3D D9K E2Y F0I Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.94.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4Surf. 3 C112 C112 C33 C33 C71 C71 wt % 0.1 1 0.1 1 0.1 1 Stab. C91 C91C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 2 2 2 2 2 2   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail FailRT No test No test No test No test No test No test −10° C. No test Notest No test No test No test No test

Example 101

[0303] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 742comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A0W B6GC2X D7N E7Z F0L G4J H3C Surf. 1 C11  C11  C11  C11  C11 C11 C11 C11 wt % 1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C42 C42C42 C42 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91  C91  C91  C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 5  5   5   5   5  5   5   5     60° C. Clear ClearClear Cloudy Clear Clear Clear Cloudy RT Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail −10° C. No No test No No test No No No No test test test testtest test

Example 102

[0304] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 743comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A0W B6GC2X D7N E7Z F0L G4J H3C Surf. 1 C22  C22  C22  C22  C22 C22 C22 C22 wt % 1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C42 C42C42 C42 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91  C91  C91  C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 5  5   5   5   5  5   5   5     60° C. Fail FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No No No No Notest test test test test −10° C. No test No test No test No No No No Notest test test test test

Example 103

[0305] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 744comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A6B B3GC1P D7Y E4N F8J G3U H2V Surf. 1 C21  C21  C21  C21  C21 C21 C21 C21 wt % 1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C42 C42C42 C42 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91  C91  C91  C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 5  5   5   5   5  5   5   5     60° C. Fail FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No No No No Notest test test test test −10° C. No test No test No test No No No No Notest test test test test

Example 104

[0306] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 745comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A1W B5GC8K D0L E8H F5R G3Z H1A Surf. 1 C17  C17  C17  C17  C17 C17 C17 C17 RunA1W B5G C8K D0L E8H F5R G3Z H1A Surf. 1 C17  C17  C17  C17  C17 C17 C17C17 wt %  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.5 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109C42 C42 C42 C42 wt % 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 11.1 9.8 8.6 7.4 Stab. C91  C91 C91  C91  C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 5  5   5   5   5  5   5   5     60° C.Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No NoNo No No test test test test test −10° C. No test No test No test No NoNo No No test test test test test

Example 105

[0307] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 747comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3C B7HC9S D4L E0K F3G Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C63 C62 C60 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 12.312.3 12.3 Surf. 2 C63 C62 C60 — — — wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 — — — Stab. C91 C91C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 6.5 6.5 6.5  6.5  6.5  6.5   60° C. Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No test No test −10°C. No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 106

[0308] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 749comprising 5% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted stabilizer components. Run A7U B3C C4F D7H E3M F9K G8F Surf. C93C96 C26 C7 C6 C94 C82 wt % 2 2 2 2 2 2 2   60° C. Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No test No test Notest −10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 107

[0309] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 751comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7B B2NC2Z D9R E7P F3M G2W Surf. C27 C28 C46 C86  C86 C27 C28 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.94.9 4.9 12.3 12.3 Stab. C30 C30 C30 C110 C30 — — wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 — —   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test −10° C. No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test

Example 108

[0310] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 753comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A8H B20C8L D4E E9S F3V G5Q H6B Surf. C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C5  C5  C5  wt % 4.94.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Stab. C30 C90 C37 C38 C9  C30 C90 C37 wt %7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail RT No test No test No test No No No No No test test test testtest −10° C. No test No test No test No No No No No test test test testtest

Example 109

[0311] Compatibility evaluation of composition trial 755 comprising36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and the listedsurfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5G B1M C9SD9W E4R F2D G0V Surf 1 C27 C46  C86  C86  C86 C81  C81  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.94.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 — C109 C110 C109 — C109 C110 wt % — 7.4 7.4 7.4— 7.4 7.4 Stab. C30 — — — C30 — — wt % 7.4 — — — 7.4 — —   60° C. FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No testNo test No test −10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No testNo test

Example 110

[0312] Compatibility evaluation of composition trial 757 comprising36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and the listedsurfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5G B1M C95D9W E4R Surf. 1 C27  C46  C86  C81  C5  wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2C109 C109 C109 C109 — wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 — Stab. — — — — C30 wt % — —— — 7.4   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test Notest No test −10° C. No test No test No test No test No test

Example 111

[0313] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 759comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) glyphosate salt as indicated,and the listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. RunA7U B3N BX4F C7P D3B E0T F8M Gly Salt IPA MA MA MEA NH₄ TMS NPA Surf. 1C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C109C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91wt % 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail RT No test No test No test No test No test No test No test −10° C.No test No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 112

[0314] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 761comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A8F B4OSurf. 1  C21 C27 wt % 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C63 wt % 7.4 7.4 Stab.  C74C74 wt % 6.5 6.5   60° C. Fail Fail RT No test No test −10° C. No testNo test

Example 113

[0315] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 762comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A9A B7HC4Y D9Q E3C Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 wt % 4.9 3.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2C109 C109 — — — wt % 7.4 7.4 — — — Stab. C9 C9 C9 C91 C8 wt % 7 7 7.47.4 7.4   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test Notest No test −10° C. No test No test No test No test No test

Example 114

[0316] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 763comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5T B1IC3Z D2S E8N F6W Surf. C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 wt % 9.2 7.4 6.2 4.6 10.612.3 Stab. C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 wt % 6 6 6 6  6  6   60° C. Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No test No test −10°C. No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 115

[0317] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 764comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4E B2LC7Y D0Q E4V F1R Surf. 1 C46 C27 C46 C46 C27 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4 4 4Surf. 2 C109 C43 C110 C109 C43 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 6 6 6 Stab. C9 C9C9 C9 C9 C9 wt % 6 6 6 6 6 6   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RTNo test No test No test No test No test No test −10° C. No test No testNo test No test No test No test

Example 116

[0318] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 765comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A9K B3DC5G D1B E5W Surf. C109 C109 C109 C28 C28 wt % 9.2 10.6 12.3 12.3 10Stab. C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 wt % 2  2  2 10  6   60° C. Clear Fail Fail FailFail RT Clear No test No test No test No test −10° C. Clear No test Notest No test No test −10° C.* Clear No test No test No test No test

Example 117

[0319] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 767comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.). Run A4V B7H C0A D4NE4T F6J G4X H1L I9E J3C Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C17 C17 C17 C17wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 3.7 4.9 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C30 C30 C30 C30 C30C30 C42 C42 C42 C42 wt % 7.4 4.1 7.4 4.1 7.4 7.4 8.6 7.4 8.6 7.4 Stab.C91 C91 C9 C9 C14 C14 C47 C47 C49 C49 wt % 2.7 6 2.7 6 2.7 6 2.7 6 2.7 6  60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test Notest No test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test−10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test No test No testNo test No test

Example 118

[0320] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 768comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7T B3NC5W D0A Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C30 C30 C30C30 wt % 7.4 4.1 7.4 4.1 Stab. C91 C91  C9  C9 wt % 2.7 6   2.7 6    60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test −10° C.No test No test No test No test

Example 119

[0321] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 771comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A7T B3NC5W Surf. 1 C109 C109 C109 wt % 12.3 10.6 9.2 Stab.  C9  C9  C9 wt % 3 3  3    60° C. Fail Fail Clear RT No test No test Clear −10° C. No testNo test Clear −10° C.* No test No test Clear

Example 120

[0322] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 773comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.), Additive (Add.) and stabilizer (Stab.)components. Run A8J B1C C0H D5V E5W Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 3 33 3 3 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 wt % 7 7 7 7 7 Add. C30 C30 C30C30 C30 wt % 7.4 4.1 7.4 4.1 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 6.5 6.56.5 6.5 6.5   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No testNo test No test −10° C. No test No test No test No test No test

Example 121

[0323] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 775comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4L B3PC2L D7U E4V F5G G4T Surf. 1 C110 C109 C5 C5 C21 C23 C46 wt % 12.3 12.34.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 — — C109 C110 C109 C109 C110 wt % — — 7.47.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt %  6.5  6.5 6.5 6.56.5 6.5 6.5   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test Notest No test No test No test No test No test −10° C. No test No test Notest No test No test No test No test

Example 122

[0324] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 776comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3X B0GC0J D6Y E3F F2S G9O H1B Surf. C86 C28 C86 C86 C86 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.94.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Stab. C30 C30 C9 C38 C14 C9 C38 C9 wt % 6.36.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Clear FailFail RT No test No test No test No No No No No test test test test test−10° C. No test No test No test No No No No No test test test test test

Example 123

[0325] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 777comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A9I B2VC4F D2U E7K F1A G5D H9K I0H J4Z Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46C46 C46 wt % 5.2 5.6 12.3 10.6 9.2 12.3 10.6 9.2 6.2 7.4 Surf. 2 C110C110 — — — — — — — — wt % 7.8 8.4 — — — — — — — — Stab. C92 C92 C9 C9 C9C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 wt % 1 1  4  4 4  6  6 6 6 5   60° C. Clear Clear FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail Clear Fail RT Fail Fail No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test −10° C. No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 124

[0326] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 778comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5T B1SC7B D4L E8J F6T G0M H7R I7B J3S K1A Surf. C46 C27 C28 C86 C18 C18 C18C20 C17 C16 C23 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Stab.C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 7.4 7.4   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail RT No test No test No test No test No test No test No test No testNo test No test No test −10° C. No test No test No test No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 125

[0327] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 779comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A2F B8KC1P D4S Surf. C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 5.6 6 6.4 5.2 Stab.  C9  C9  C9  C9wt % 8.4 9 9.6 7.8   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test Notest No test −10° C. No test No test No test No test

Example 126

[0328] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 780comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate, andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A2WB0F C4V D3J E9I F6N G4C H2X I8H Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 3.1 3.1 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C109 C110C109 C110 C109 C110 C109 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 3.1 3.1 Stab.C92 C92 C92 C91 C91 C9 C9 — — wt % 1 1.5 1 1 1 1 1 — —   60° C. FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test Notest No test No test No test No test No test −10° C. No test No test Notest No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 127

[0329] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 781comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.). Run A4C B6Y C9KD5R E2X F8I G3D Surf 1. C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.92 4.92 4.924.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.47.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. — C38 C38 C38 C15 C15 C15 wt % — 1 3 5 1 35   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Clear Clear RT No test No test Notest No test No test Clear Clear −10° C. No test No test No test No testNo test Clear Clear −10° C.* No test No test No test No test No testClear Clear Run H7N I3W J7M K8D L1B M6Y N0F Surf 1. C46 C46 C46 C46 C46C46 C46 wt % 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C9 C9 C9 C77C77 C77 C39 wt % 1 3 5 1 3 5 1   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Clear Clear ClearFail RT No test No test No test Clear Clear Clear No test −10° C. Notest No test No test Clear Clear Clear No test −10° C.* No test No testNo test Clear Fail Fail No test Run O4G P3E Q7X R9V S2T T7K U4F Surf 1.C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 Stab. C39 C39 C122 C122 C122 C70 C70 wt % 3 5 1 3 5 1 3   60° C.Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test −10° C. No test No test No test No test No test Notest No test Run V8F W0R X3G Y9O Z2F AA8P BB4E Surf 1. C46 C46 C46 C46C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 Surf. 2 C110 C110C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C70 C37C37 C37 C30 C30 C30 wt % 5 1 3 5 1 3 5   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No No test No test test−10° C. No test No test No test No test No No test No test test Run CC9HDD1K EE3S FF7U GG7J HH2P Surf 1. C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.92 4.924.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 wt % 7.4 7.47.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C14 C14 C14 C10 C10 C10 wt % 1 3 5 1 3 5   60° C.Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No testNo test −10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test

Example 128

[0330] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 782comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate, andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A4FB7A C2V D0W E3P F1K G8S H5K I9T J6B Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C110C110 C110 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. C77 C77 C77 — C77 C77 C77 C9 C9 C9 wt % 1 3 5— 1 3 5 1 3 5   60° C. Clear Fail Fail Fail Clear Clear Fail Fail FailFail RT Clear No test No test No test Clear Clear No test No test Notest No test −10° C. Clear No test No test No test Clear Clear No testNo test No test No test −10° C.* Fail No test No test No test CloudyFail No test No test No test No test

Example 129

[0331] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 783comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A6Y B0SC8F D9X E4N F0L G3J H2Q I3B Surf. C109 C109 C109 C110 C110 C110 C43 C43C43 wt % 9.2 10.6 12.3 9.2 10.6 12.3 9.2 10.6 12.3 Stab. C9 C9 C9 C9 C9C9 C9 C9 C9 wt % 2  2  2 4  4  4 6  6  6   60° C. Fail Fail Fail FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test No test −10° C. No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test No test No test

Example 130

[0332] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 784comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A9K B3CC2H D7U E2S F5F G5R H2O Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 1.2 2.6 3.7 4.9  1.2 2.6 3.7 4.9 Surf. 2 C42 C42 C42 C42 C42 C42 C42C42 wt % 11.1 9.9 8.7 7.4 11.1 9.9 8.7 7.4 Stab. C91 C91 C91 C91 C9 C9C9 C9 wt %  5 5 5 5  5 5 5 5   60° C. Clear Clear Clear Clear Fail FailFail Fail RT Clear Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy No No No No test test test test−10° C. Clear Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy No No No No test test test test −10°Clear Fail Fail Fail No No No No C.* test test test test

Example 131

[0333] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 785comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A9L B5VC1U D5B E7Y F5T G7J H2S I8M J3W K0C Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4 4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4 4 4 4 4 Surf. 2 C109 C109C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 wt % 6 6 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 66 6 6 6 Stab. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % 2 1 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 2 Stab. 2 C9 C9 — C77 C77 C77 — C77 C77 C77 C77 wt % 4 4 — 13 5 — 1 3 5 1   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Clear FailFail Fail RT No test No test No test No test No test No test Fail ClearNo test No test No test −10° C. No test No test No test No test No testNo test Fail Clear No test No test No test −10° C.* No test Fail No testNo test No test

Example 132

[0334] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 786comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.). Run A5G B2X C6JD7Q E3H F6U G7W H1M I8L J3S K0J L6P M2V N5G O3U P2B Q6W Surf 1. C46 C46C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 5.6 5.64.3 5.6 4 4.4 4.8 4.6 4 4.1 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.6 4.7 5.4 Surf. 2 C110C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110C110 C110 wt % 8.4 8.4 6.5 8.4 6 6.5 7.3 7 6 6.1 6.8 7.2 7.7 7.7 8.4 78.1 Stab. C77 — C77 C77 C77 C77 — C77 C77 — C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77wt % 0.7 — 1.4 2 0.8 0.4 — 0.8 2 — 2 2 0.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 1   60° C. FailFail Clear Clear Clear Fail Fail Fail Clear Fail Clear Clear Fail ClearFail Fail Clear RT Fail Fail Clear Clear Clear No test No test No testClear No Clear Clear No Clear No No Clear test test test test −10° C.Fail Fail Clear Clear Clear No test No test No test Clear No Clear ClearNo Clear No No Cloudy test test test test −10° C.* No test No test FailFail Cloudy No test No test

Example 133

[0335] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 787comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate, andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A6BB9P C1Z D4M E8Y F3L G5Q H9K I3R J7S K6A L0B M2C Surf 1 C46 C46 C46 C46C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 5.2 5.6 6 6.4  6.8  7.2  7.6  8 8.4  8.8  9.2  9.6 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109C109 C109 C109 C109 C110 wt % 7.8 8.4 9 9.6 10.2 10.8 11.4 12 12.6 13.213.8 14.4 7.4 Stab. — — — — — — — — — — — — C77 wt % — — — — — — — — — —— — 1   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail Clear RT No test No test No test No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test No test No test Clear −10° C. No test No test Notest No test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test Notest Clear −10° C.* No test No test No test No test No test Cloudy

Example 134

[0336] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 788comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate, andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3RB2K C9P D5H E5R F1V G9J H6M I3U J2X K0W L8B Surf 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 wt % 5.2 5.6 6 6.4  6.8  7.2  7.6  8  8.4 8.8  9.2  9.6 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110C110 C110 wt % 7.8 8.4 9 9.6 10.2 10.8 11.4 12 12.6 13.2 13.8 14.4 Stab.C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 wt % 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5  1.5  1.5  1.5  1.5  1.5  1.5  1.5   60° C. Clear Clear Clear FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT Clear Clear Clear No test Notest No test No test No test No test No test No test No test −10° C.Clear Clear Clear No test No test No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test −10° C.* Fail Cloudy Fail No test No test No testNo test

Example 135

[0337] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 789comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A3R B2KC9P D5H E5R F1V G9J H6M I3U J2X K0W L8B Surf 1 C46 C46 C27 C46 C46 C46C46 C46 C27 C46 C46 C27 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.94.9 Surf. 2 C110 C109 C43 C109 — — C110 C109 C43 C110 C109 C43 wt % 7.47.4 7.4 7.4 — — 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. 1 C91 C91 C91 C91 C77 C77C74 C74 C74 C92 C92 C92 wt % 6 5 6 5 1 1 4 4 6 4 4 5 Stab. 2 C77 C77 C77C77 C9 C91 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 C77 wt % 1 1 1 1 7.4 7.4 1 1 1 1 1 1  60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Clear Clear Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail FailRT No test No test No test No test Clear Clear No test No test No testNo test No test No test −10° C. No test No test No test No test ClearClear No test No test No test No test No test No test −10° C. No test Notest No test No test Fail Fail No test

Example 136

[0338] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 790comprising 36.9% A.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5T B3OC2X D0H E5B F7T G1B H9K I3G J4N Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46C46 C46 wt % 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 Surf. 2 C109 C109C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 C109 wt % 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.47.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. 1 — C9 C91 C91 C9 C91 C91 C91 C91 C91 wt % — 3 4 3 6 12 3 6 1 Stab. 2 — — — C9 — C9 C9 — — C9 wt % — — — 4 — 5 1 — — 1   60°C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No testNo test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test −10° C.No test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test No testNo test

Example 137

[0339] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 791comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A0F B6HC4B D5W E1Z F9V G8J H3V I2K J2F K0M Surf. C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27C27 C27 C27 C27 wt % 4.9 2.5 4 2 4 2 2.5 4.9 2.5 4 2 Stab. 1 C9 C9 C9 C9C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 wt % 7.4 9.8 6 8 6 8 9.8 7.4 9.8 6 8 Stab. 2 C77C77 C77 C77 — — — C15 C15 C15 C15 wt % 1 1 1 1 — — — 1 1 1 1   60° C.Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test Notest No test No test No test No test No test No test No test No test Notest −10° C. No test No test No test No test No test No test No test Notest No test No test No test

Example 138

[0340] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 792comprising 31% a.e. (about 370 g a.e./L) isopropylamine glyphosate andthe listed surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A0PB4R C7B D8J E1S F8K G0P H3X Surf. C46 C46 C46 C46 C27 C27 C27 C27 1 wt %4 4.6 4.8 5.6 4.9 4.9 4 4 Surf. C110 C110 C110 C110 C9 C9 C9 C9 2 wt % 67 7.1 8.3 7.4 7.4 6 6 Stab. C77 C77 C77 C77 — C77 — C77 wt % 1.4 1.7 1.51.8 — 1 — 1   60° C. Clear Clear Clear Fail Fail Fail Fail Clear RTClear Clear Clear No No No No Clear test test test test −10° Clear ClearClear No No No No Clear C. test test test test −10° Cloudy Cloudy CloudyNo No No No Clear C.* test test test test

Example 139

[0341] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 793comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5T B3OC2X D0H E5B F7T G1B H9K I3G Surf C27 C27 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 C46 1wt % 4.9 4 1.6 1.6 1.6 4.9 4 4.9 4 Surf. — — C110 C110 C110 C109 C109C109 C109 2 wt % — — 2.4 2.4 2.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 Stab. — C38 C38 C9 C9C91 C91 C9 C9 1 wt % — 7.4 6 7.4 6 7.4 6 7.4 6 Stab. — — — — C77 — — — —2 wt % — — — — 1 — — — —   60° C. Fail Clear Clear Clear Clear ClearClear Fail Fail RT No Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear No No testtest test −10° No Fail Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear No No C. test testtest −10° No No Clear Clear Clear C.* test test

Example 140

[0342] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 795comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A0P B4RC7B D8J E1S F8K G0F H3X Surf. 1 C27 C27 C27 C27 C27 C46 C46 C46 wt % 4.94 4 4 4.9 4.9 4.9 6.2 Surf. 2 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 C110 — wt %7.4 6 6 6 7.4 7.4 7.4 — Stab. 1 — — C91 C9 C91 C77 C91 C77 wt % — — 6 66 1 4 1 Stab. 2 — — — — C77 — C77 — wt % — — — — 1 — 1 —   60° C. FailFail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test No No NoNo No test test test test test −10° C. No test No test No test No No NoNo No test test test test test

Example 141

[0343] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 798comprising 36.9% a.e. (about 480 g a.e./L) potassium glyphosate, and thelisted surfactant (Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run A5T B3OC2X D0H E5B Surf. 1 C46 C46 C46 C27 C27 wt % 6.3 7.4 9.8 3.7 3.7 Stab. 1C91 C91 C91 C9 C9 wt % 6.3 4.9 2.5 8.6 8.6 Stab. 2 — — — — C77 wt % — —— — 1   60° C. Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT No test No test No test Notest No test −10° C. No test No test No test No test No test

Example 142

[0344] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 097comprising 38% a.e. glyphosate IPA, and the listed surfactant (Surf.)and stabilizer (Stab.) components.

[0345] “Stable” is defined as one phase. Run A4R B9K C4F D2Z Surf. 1 C11  C11 C132 C132 wt % 4 4 2 2 Surf. 2  C43  C43 C133 C133 wt % 6 7 22 Surf. 3 — —  C43  C43 wt % — — 6 7 Stab. 1 C125 C125 C125 C125 wt % 11 1 1 50° C. Stable Stable Fail Fail RT Stable Stable Fail Fail

Example 143

[0346] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 099comprising 36.5% a.e. potassium glyphosate, and the listed surfactant(Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components.

[0347] “Stable” is defined as one phase. Run A3X B4F C7G D9S E7L F0P G6BH8M Surf. 1 C11 C11 C133 C133 C134 C134 C135 C135 wt % 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Surf. 2 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 C47 wt % 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 Stab. 1 C14C14 C14 C14 C14 C14 C14 C14 wt % 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 50° C. Stable StableFail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail RT Stable Stable Fail Fail Fail Fail FailFail

Example 144

[0348] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 100comprising 38% a.e. glyphosate IPA, and the listed surfactant (Surf.)and stabilizer (Stab.) components.

[0349] “Stable” is defined as one phase. Run A0L B6V C8N D4X E3S F2HSurf. 1 C11 C11 C11 C133 C133 C133 wt % 4 4 4 4 4 4 Surf. 2 C43 C43 C43C43 C43 C43 wt % 6 6 7 6 6 7 Stab. 1 C125 — C125 C125 — C125 wt % 1 — 11 — 1 50° C. Stable Fail Stable Fail Fail Fail RT* Stable Fail StableFail Fail Fail  0° C.* Stable Fail Stable Fail Fail Fail

Example 145

[0350] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trial 706comprising 36.5% a.e. potassium glyphosate, and the listed surfactant(Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components.

[0351] “Stable” is defined as one phase. Run A0L B6V C8N D4X E3S F2HSurf. 1 C11 C11 C11 C132 C132 C132 wt % 4 4 4 4 4 4 Surf. 2 C43 C43 C43C43 C43 C43 wt % 7 7 9 7 7 9 Stab. 1 C125 — C125 C125 — C125 wt % 1 — 11 — 1 50° C. Stable Fail Stable Fail Fail Fail RT* Stable Fail StableFail Fail Fail  0° C.* Stable Fail Stable Fail Fail Fail

Example 146

[0352] The efficacy effect of stabilizers on glyphosate IPA salts withcationic and nonioic surfactants was evaluated. Aqueous compositionswere prepared with as indicated in Example 146 Table a. The glyphosateconcentrations for each composition was about 448 g a.e./liter. Allcomponents were added and then shaken to a uniform formulation. Eachformulation was a stable, clear and dark yellow solution. TABLE aExample 146 Comp. Comp. 1 % w/v Comp. 2 % w/v Comp. 3 % w/v Comp. 4 %w/v 706A3M C11 4 C43 7 C125 1 — — 70688U C11 4 C136 7 C125 1 — — 70609KC11 4 C137 7 C125 1 — — 706D1S C11 4 C43 7 C125 1 C138 0.5 706E8J C11 4C43 7 C125 1 C139 1 706F9V C11 4 C43 7 C125 1 C140 1

[0353] The compositions of Example 146 Table a and comparativecompositions of glyphosate IPA were applied to Velvetleaf (Abutilontheophrasti, ABUTH) plants. Results, averaged for all replicates of eachtreatment, are shown in Example 146 Table a.

Example 146

[0354] TABLE a ABUTH % inhibition Composition 75 g a.e./ha 150 g a.e./ha225 g a.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 706A3M 55.8 80.2 91.8 96.2 706B8U 60 78.293.7 96.5 706C9K 57.5 81.3 93.2 95.8 706D1S 52.5 85.2 95.3 98.7 706E8J65.8 80.5 94.3 98.5 706F9V 60 82.2 94.2 97 Composition 20 58.3 72.2 79.3570l Roundup Ultra 57.5 76.3 92 95.5 Composition 63.3 81.3 95.5 97.7 IPA

[0355] The efficacy of formulations 706D1S, 706E8J and 706F9V wassimilar to the efficacy of the glyphosate standards.

Example 147

[0356] The efficacy effect of stabilizers on potassium glyphosate saltswith cationic and nonioic surfactants was evaluated. Aqueouscompositions were prepared with as indicated in Example 147 Table a. Theglyphosate concentrations for each composition is indicated in ga.e./liter. All components were added and then shaken to a uniformformulation. Each formulation was a stable, clear and dark yellowsolution. TABLE a Example 147 Comp. [Gly] Comp. 1 % w/v Comp. 2 % w/vComp. 3 % w/v 750A3C 475 C11 4 C47 9 C14 1 750B8W 475 C11 5 C47 9 C14 175003D 465 C11 6 C47 11 C14 2.5

[0357] The compositions of Example 147 Table a and comparativecompositions of glyphosate IPA were applied to Velvetleaf (Abutilontheophrasti, ABUTH) plants. Results, averaged for all replicates of eachtreatment, are shown in Example 147 Table b.

Example 147

[0358] TABLE b ABUTH % inhibition Composition 100 g a.e./ha 200 ga.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 400 g a.e./ha 750A2X 38.2 69.2 79.4 92.4 750B9O38.7 66.4 80.5 88.1 750C0W 57.3 75.1 85.8 91.3 Composition 53 83.7 92.490.2 IPA Roundup Ultra 49.3 72.7 89.1 90.8 Roundup 60.3 78.8 87.9 90.8UltraMax

[0359] The efficacy of formulation 750C0W was similar to the efficacy ofthe glyphosate standards.

Example 148

[0360] The efficacy effect of stabilizers on potassium glyphosate saltswith cationic and nonioic surfactants was evaluated. Aqueouscompositions were prepared with as indicated in Example 148 Table a. Theglyphosate concentrations for each composition is indicated in ga.e./liter. All components were added and then shaken to a uniformformulation. Each formulation was a stable, clear and yellow solution.TABLE a Example 148 Comp. [Gly] Comp. 1 % w/v Comp. 2 % w/v Comp. 3 %w/v 774A3X 478 C11 4 C47 9 C14 1 774B7J 478 C11 4 C47 9 C14 1.3 774C0P475 C11 4 C47 9 C14 1.5 774D3Q 478 C11 4 C47 9 C14/C138 1/2 774E9K 481C11 4 C141 9 C125 2.5 774F7N 481 C11 4 C141 9 C14 2.5

[0361] The compositions of Example 148 Table a and comparativecompositions of glyphosate IPA were applied to Velvetleaf (Abutilontheophrasti, ABUTH) plants. Results, averaged for all replicates of eachtreatment, are shown in Example 148 Table b. Application rates are givenin g a.e./ha. TABLE b Example 148 ABUTH % inhibition Composition 75 g/ha150 g/ha 225 g/ha 300 g/ha 375 g/ha 774A3X 24.2 61.7 78.3 85.8 956977487J 22.5 70.8 84.2 90.8 96.3 774C0P 55.5 69.7 80 90.2 95.2 774D3Q40 70 84.2 92.2 93.3 774E9K 29.2 70.8 88 93.3 95.3 774F7N 25.8 70 84.288.2 95.8 Composition 1.7 25 54.2 66.7 78.8 5701 Roundup Ultra 30.8 7687 96.8 97

[0362] The efficacy of formulation 774C0P, 774D3Q and 774E9K was similarto the efficacy of the Roundup Ultra standard.

Example 149

[0363] The efficacy effect of stabilizers on glyphosate IPA salts withcationic and nonioic surfactants was evaluated. The glyphosate salt andconcentration in g a.e./liter for each composition, and the remainingcomponents are as indicated in Example 149 Table a. TABLE a Example 149Comp. Salt [Gly] Comp. 1 % w/v Comp. 2 % w/v Comp. 3 % w/v 033A7Y IPA360 C27 6.4 C43 9.6 C10* 1 033B3S K 480 C46 4.9 C110 7.4 C72 6.5 03309PIPA 360 C142 2.2 C110 5.9 — — 033D5V K 473 C11 4 C121 9 C14 1 033E5G IPA360 C46 4.9 C110 7.4 C72 6.5 033F8L K 480 C21 4.9 C109 7.4 C74 6.5033G7N K 480 C27 3.7 C3 8.3 C72 6.5

[0364] The compositions of Example 149 Table a and comparativecompositions of glyphosate IPA were applied to morningglory (IPOSS)plants. Results, averaged for all replicates of each treatment, areshown in Example 149 Table b.

Example 149

[0365] TABLE b IPOSS % inhibition 14 days after treatment Composition200 g a.e./ha 400 g a.e./ha 600 g a.e./ha 800 g a.e./ha 033A7Y 54.2 80.884.2 84.2 033B3S 35 65 75 80 033C9P 43.3 63.3 77.5 79.2 033D5V 35 71.777.5 79.2 033E5G 59.2 80 81.7 81.7 033F8L 2.5 71.7 72.5 80 033G7N 1058.3 70 78.3 Roundup 41.7 70.8 76.7 80 UltraMax

[0366] The efficacy of formulations 033A7Y, 033C9P, 033D5V and 033E5G,containing short chain amine stabilizers, was similar to or exceeded theefficacy of the Roundup UltraMax standard.

Example 150

[0367] The efficacy effect of stabilizers on glyphosate IPA salts withcationic and nonioic surfactants was evaluated. The glyphosate salt andconcentration in g a.e./liter for each composition, and the remainingcomponents are as indicated in Example 150 Table a. TABLE a Example 150Comp. Salt [Gly] Comp. 1 % w/v Comp. 2 % w/v Comp. 3 % w/v 043A30 IPA360 C27 6.4 C43 9.6 C10* 1 043B9M K 480 C5 4.9 C110 7.4 C91 6.5 04303D K480 C5 4.9 C109 7.4 C91 6.5 043D1L K 480 C46 3.7 C107 5.6 C15** 2 043E5GK 480 C46 3.7 C108 5.6 C15** 2 043F8K K 480 C46 3.7 C109 5.6 C15** 2O43G1Q K 480 C46 3.7 C110 5.6 C15** 2

[0368] The compositions of Example 150 Table a and comparativecompositions of glyphosate IPA were applied to Velvetleaf (ABUTH) andJapanese millet (ECHCF) plants. Results, averaged for all replicates ofeach treatment, are shown in Example 150 Tables b and c.

Example 150

[0369] TABLE b ABUTH % inhibition 17 days after treatment Composition100 g a.e./ha 200 g a.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 400 g a.e./ha 043A3C 75 89.295.5 98.5 043B9M 49.2 81.7 90 95.8 043C3D 59.2 80.8 89.2 94 043D1L 27.576.7 80 88.3 043E5G 66.7 76.7 88.3 93.3 043F8K 68.3 81.7 87.5 90.8043G1Q 76.7 78.3 88.3 93 Roundup 26.7 81.7 87.5 92.5 UltraMax Comp. 725K 14.2 41.7 65 79.2

Example 150

[0370] TABLE c ECHCF % inhibition 17 days after treatment Composition100 g a.e./ha 200 g a.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 400 g a.e./ha 043A3C 65 78.380 85 043B9M 57.5 73.3 80.8 86.7 043C3D 57.5 72.5 80 88.5 043D1L 55.870.8 75.8 77.5 043E5G 52.5 69.2 75.8 85 043F8K 53.3 70.8 72.5 80 043G1Q59.2 72.5 73.3 87.3 Roundup 55 70.8 79.2 88.8 UltraMax Comp. 725 K 33.348.3 56.7 60

[0371] The efficacy of formulations 043E5G, 043F8K and 043G1Q containingshort chain amine stabilizers, exceeded the efficacy of the RoundupUltraMax standard on velvetleaf.

Example 151

[0372] The efficacy effect of stabilizers on glyphosate IPA salts withcationic and nonioic surfactants was evaluated. The glyphosate salt andconcentration in g a.e./liter for each composition, and the remainingcomponents are as indicated in Example 151 Table a. TABLE a Example 151Comp. Salt [Gly] Comp. 1 % w/v Comp. 2 % w/v Comp. 3 % w/v 044A3X IPA360 C27 6.4 C43 9.6 C10* 1 044B8J K 480 C5 4.9 C110 7.4 C91 6.5 04405G K480 C5 4.9 C109 7.4 C91 6.5 044D7U K 480 C86 3.7 C107 5.6 C15** 2 044E2KK 480 C86 3.7 C108 5.6 C15** 2 044F1Z K 480 C86 3.7 C109 5.6 C15** 2044G0P K 480 C86 3.7 C110 5.6 C15** 2

[0373] The compositions of Example 151 Table a and comparativecompositions of glyphosate IPA were applied to Velvetleaf (ABUTH) andJapanese millet (ECHCF) plants. Results, averaged for all replicates ofeach treatment, are shown in Example 151 Tables b and c.

Example 151

[0374] TABLE b ABUTH % inhibition 17 days after treatment Composition100 g a.e./ha 200 g a.e/ha 300 g a.e./ha 400 g a.e./ha 044A3X 71.7 85.890.8 95.5 044B8J 61.7 84.2 92.5 93.3 044C5G 65 82.5 89.2 91.7 044D7U 3574.2 86.7 90 044E2K 46.7 78.3 86.7 90 044F1Z 60 75.8 87.5 90 044G0P 45.877.5 85.8 90 Roundup 3.3 79.2 88.3 90 UltraMax Comp. 725 K 0 40 77.579.2

Example 151

[0375] TABLE c ECHCF % inhibition 17 days after treatment Composition100 g a.e./ha 200 g a.e/ha 300 g a.e./ha 400 g a.e./ha 044A3X 60 72 8391 044B8J 53 63 71 76 044C5G 54 73 77 86 044D7U 48 65 71 78 044E2K 44 6568 84 044F1Z 48 66 68 74 044G0P 42 63 78 81 Roundup 33 67 75 83 UltraMaxComp. 725 K  3 38 56 58

[0376] The efficacy of all formulations equaled or exceeded thestandards for velvetleaf. 044A3X, 044C5G and 043G1P containing shortchain amine stabilizers, exceeded the efficacy of the Roundup UltraMaxstandard on barnyard grass.

Example 152

[0377] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of a mixed active compositioncomprising about 35.7 wt % a.e. of the potassium salt of glyphosate andabout 3.1 wt % a.i. of 2,4-D (Run 018A3D contained about 41.9 wt % a.e.glyphosate IPA and about 3.3% a.i. 2,4-D), and the listed surfactant(Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run Surf. wt % Stab. wt %Cloudpoint ° C. 014A4T C124 9.2 C91 2.8 84 014B8J C129 9.2 C91 2.8 85014C5V C108 9.2 C91 2.8 >90 OI4DOK C123 9.2 C91 2.8 79 015E30 C109 9.2C91 2.8 60 015F7H C130 9.2 C91 2.8 76 024G7L C131 9.2 C91 2.8 62 024H3EC124 9.2 C125 4.0 69 02412X C129 9.2 C125 4.3 71 018A3D C131 9.8 — — 83

[0378] Example 152: Pitted morningglory (IPOLA) % Control 5 Days afterTreatment for potassium glyphosate+2,4-D formulations, and standardComposition 304I Run 50 g a.e./ha 100 g a.e./ha 200 g a.e./ha 300 ga.e./ha 014A4T 61 70 88 90 014B8J 64 75 83 86 014C5V 63 77 81 86 014D0K60 84 87 86 015E3C 68 72 82 84 015F7H 63 73 85 85 024G7L 61 75 82 86024H3E 64 68 77 83 024I2X 54 74 83 83 018A3D 63 75 87 83 78510 61 75 8688

[0379] All formulations tested gave results that were statistically thesame.

[0380] Example 152: Cockleburr (XANST) % Control 7 Days after Treatmentfor potassium glyphosate+2,4-D formulations, and standard Composition304I Run 50 g a.e./ha 100 g a.e./ha 200 g a.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 014A4T21 37 65 78 014B8J 20 43 66 70 014C5V 21 41 60 78 014D0K 20 40 61 68015E3C 21 48 62 69 015F7H 18 34 55 74 024G7L 18 38 63 64 024H3E 15 46 5562 024I2X 15 38 66 90 018A3D 20 34 61 77 78510 21 40 50 68

[0381] Performance varied with application rate. At 100 g/haformulations 015E3C and 024H3E were surperior; at 200 g/ha formulations014A4T and 014B8J gave the highest efficacy; and at 300 g/ha formulation024I2X gave the highest performance.

Example 153

[0382] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of a mixed active compositioncomprising about the potassium salt of glyphosate (reported in wt %a.e.) and 2,4-D (reported in wt % a.i.), and the listed surfactant(Surf.) and stabilizer (Stab.) components. Run wt % gly wt % 2,4-D Surf.wt % Stab. wt % Cloudpoint ° C. 034A3C 35.7 2.9 0124 9.3 C128 2.7 5803485F 34.9 2.9 0129 9.2 C128 2.7 60 034C7U 32.0 2.8 0130 9.7 C128 2.659 028A5V 34.5 3.0 0123 8.7 C47 5.8 61 028B7J 34.7 3.3 0129 10.1 C47 6.158

[0383] Example 153: XANST % Control 7 Days after Treatment for potassiumglyphosate+2,4-D formulations, and standard Composition 304I. Run 50 ga.e./ha 100 g a.e./ha 200 g a.e./ha 300 g a.e./ha 034A3C 24 34 50 50034B5F 29 34 49 45 034C7U 27 40 47 55 028A5V 30 35 45 45 028B7J 30 35 5052 78510 32 39 41 45

[0384] All formulations gave statistically equal efficacy at allapplication rates.

Example 154

[0385] Stabilizer compatibility evaluation of composition trials 762 and542 comprising 30.5% a.e. glyphosate IPA and the listed components.Stability was evaluated after 3 days at 50° C. and at RT. Table 154agive the formulation and Table 154b give the stability results. TABLE154a Run Comp 1 wt % Comp 2 wt % Comp 3 wt % Comp 4 wt % 762A3S C143 5C43 4 C146 4 C147 2 762B91 C144 5 C145 5 C146 4 C147 2 542A78 C28 54 C434.6 C146 2 C147 3

[0386] TABLE 154b Run 50° C. RT 762A3S Stable Stable 762B9I StableStable 542A7B Stable Stable

[0387] The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments andcan be variously modified. The above description of the preferredembodiment is intended only to acquaint others skilled in the art withthe invention, its principles, and its practical application so thatothers skilled in the art may adapt and apply the invention in itsnumerous forms, as may be best suited to the requirements of aparticular use.

[0388] With reference to the use of the word(s) “comprise” or“comprises” or “comprising” in this entire specification (including theclaims below), Applicants note that unless the context requiresotherwise, those words are used on the basis and clear understandingthat they are to be interpreted inclusively, rather than exclusively,and that Applicants intend each of those words to be so interpreted inconstruing this entire specification.

What is claimed is:
 1. An aqueous pesticidal concentrate microemulsioncomposition comprising: a water-soluble pesticide dissolved in anaqueous medium, the water-soluble pesticide being present in aconcentration that is biologically effective when the composition isdiluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the foliage of asusceptible plant; a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent; anda surfactant component comprising one or more surfactants present in aconcentration sufficient to provide acceptable temperature stability ofthe microemulsion such that the microemulsion has a cloud point of atleast about 50° C. and a crystallization point not greater than about−10° C., wherein the concentrate composition is optically transparent.2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said surfactant componentcomprises one or more amine or quaternary ammonium salt compounds, eachof which comprises an alkyl or aryl substituent having from about 4 toabout 16 carbon atoms and not more than ten ethylene oxide linkageswithin the compound, said compounds being present in an amount whichenhances the compatibility of said surfactant component with theherbicide and which provides an optically transparent composition. 3.The composition of claim 1 wherein the crystallization point is notgreater than about −20° C.
 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein thecloud point is at least about 60° C.
 5. The composition of claim 1wherein said surfactant component comprises one or more amine orquaternary ammonium salt compounds, each of which comprises an alkyl oraryl substituent having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms and notmore than ten ethylene oxide linkages within the compound, saidcompounds being present in an amount which enhances the compatibility ofsaid surfactant component with the herbicide.
 6. The composition ofclaim 5 wherein said compounds are selected from the group consisting ofamines or quaternary ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹ is linear or branched alkyl or aryl having from about 4 toabout 16 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or —(CH₂CH₂O)_(x)H, R³ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or —(CH₂CH₂O)_(y)H wherein thesum of X and y is not more than about 5; R⁴ is hydrogen or methyl; R⁶ ineach of the n (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁵ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 6carbon atoms; and A— is an agriculturally acceptable anion.
 7. Thecomposition of claim 1 wherein the herbicide is glyphosate or a salt orester thereof.
 8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the glyphosate ispredominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium, diammonium,sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine,hexamethylenediamine or trimethylsulfonium salt thereof.
 9. Thecomposition of claim 8 wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in theform of the potassium salt thereof.
 10. The composition of claim 1wherein the composition is stable after storage at 50° C. for at least14 days.
 11. The composition of claim 10 wherein the composition isstable after storage at 50° C. for about 28 days.
 12. The composition ofclaim 1 wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 1000centipoise at 0° C. at 45/s shear rate.
 13. The composition of claim 12wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 700centipoise at 0° C. at 45/s shear rate.
 14. The composition of claim 13wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 400centipoise at 0° C. at 45/s shear rate.
 15. The composition of claim 14wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 225centipoise at 0° C. at 45/s shear rate.
 16. The composition of claim 1wherein said surfactant component is selected such that the compositionexhibits no crystallization of said herbicide when stored at atemperature of about −20° C. for a period of about 7 days.
 17. Thecomposition of claim 1 wherein said surfactant component is selectedsuch that the composition exhibits no crystallization of said herbicidewhen stored at a temperature of about −10° C. for a period of about 7days.
 18. The composition of claim 9 wherein said glyphosate,predominantly in the form of the potassium salt thereof, is in solutionin said aqueous phase in an amount of about 310 to about 600 grams ofacid equivalent per liter of the composition.
 19. The composition ofclaim 18 wherein said glyphosate, predominantly in the form of thepotassium salt thereof, is in solution in said aqueous phase in anamount of about 360 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter ofthe composition.
 20. The composition of claim 19 wherein saidglyphosate, predominantly in the form of the potassium salt thereof, isin solution in said aqueous phase in an amount of about 400 to about 600grams of acid equivalent per liter of the composition.
 21. Thecomposition of claim 20 wherein the concentration of said glyphosate isfrom about 450 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of thecomposition.
 22. The composition of claim 21 wherein the concentrationof said glyphosate is from about 480 to about 600 grams of acidequivalent per liter of the composition.
 23. The composition of claim 22wherein the concentration of said glyphosate is from about 500 to about600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of the composition.
 24. Thecomposition of claim 22 wherein the concentration of said glyphosate isfrom about 480 to about 580 grams of acid equivalent per liter of thecomposition.
 25. The composition of claim 24 wherein the concentrationof said glyphosate is from about 540 to about 600 grams of acidequivalent per liter of the composition.
 26. The composition of claim 1wherein the total amount of surfactant is from about 20 to about 300grams per liter of the composition.
 27. The composition of claim 1further including an additional water-soluble herbicide selected fromthe group consisting of acifluorfen, acrolein, amitrole, asulam,benazolin, bentazon, bialaphos, bromacil, bromoxynil, chloramben,chloroacetic acid, clopyralid, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dalapon, dicamba,dichlorprop, difenzoquat, diquat, endothall, fenac, fenoxaprop,flamprop, flumiclorac, fluoroglycofen, flupropanate, fomesafen,fosamine, glufosinate, imazameth, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic,imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, ioxynil, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop,methylarsonic acid, naptalam, nonanoic acid, paraquat, picloram,quinclorac, sulfamic acid, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA, triclopyr and water-solublesalts thereof.
 28. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition issubstantially homogeneous upon storage at 50° C. for one week.
 29. Thecomposition of claim 1 wherein said surfactant component comprises atleast one cationic surfactant.
 30. The composition of claim 29 whereinsaid surfactant component further comprises at least one nonionicsurfactant.
 31. A liquid herbicidal concentrate emulsion compositionhaving a continuous aqueous phase and a discontinuous oil phase, thecomposition comprising: glyphosate predominantly in the form of thepotassium, monoammonium, diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine,n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine ortrimethylsulfonium salt thereof, in solution in said aqueous phase in aconcentration that is biologically effective when the composition isdiluted in a suitable volume of water to form an enhanced applicationmixture and applied to foliage of a susceptible plant; an oil phasecomprising a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent; and asurfactant component in solution or stable suspension, emulsion, ordispersion in said aqueous phase, comprising one or more surfactantspresent in a concentration sufficient to provide acceptable temperaturestability of the emulsion such that the emulsion has a cloud point of atleast about 50° C. and a crystallization point not greater than about−10° C.
 32. The composition of claim 31 wherein said surfactantcomponent comprises one or more amine or quaternary ammonium saltcompounds, each of which comprises an alkyl or aryl substituent havingfrom about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms and not more than ten ethyleneoxide linkages within the compound, said compounds being present in anamount which enhances the compatibility of said surfactant componentwith the herbicide and which provides an optically transparentcomposition.
 33. The composition of claim 31 wherein the crystallizationpoint is not greater than about −20° C.
 34. The composition of claim 31wherein the cloud point is at least about 60° C.
 35. The composition ofclaim 31 wherein said surfactant component comprises one or more amineor quaternary ammonium salt compounds, each of which comprises an alkylor aryl substituent having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms and notmore than ten ethylene oxide linkages within the compound, saidcompounds being present in an amount which enhances the compatibility ofsaid surfactant component with the herbicide.
 36. The composition ofclaim 35 wherein said compounds are selected from the group consistingof amines or quaternary ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹ is linear or branched alkyl or aryl having from about 4 toabout 16 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or—(CH₂CH₂O)_(x)H, R³ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or —(CH₂CH₂O)_(y)Hwherein the sum of X and y is not more than about 5; R⁴ is hydrogen ormethyl; R⁶ in each of the n(R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene;R⁵ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 toabout 6 carbon atoms; and A— is an agriculturally acceptable anion. 37.The composition of claim 31 wherein the glyphosate is predominantly inthe form of the potassium, monoammonium, diammonium, sodium,monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, orhexamethylenediamine salt thereof.
 38. The composition of claim 31wherein said glyphosate is in solution in said aqueous phase in anamount of about 400 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter ofthe composition.
 39. The composition of claim 31 wherein said surfactantcomponent comprises at least one cationic surfactant.
 40. Thecomposition of claim 39 wherein said surfactant component comprises atleast one nonionic surfactant.
 41. An aqueous pesticidal concentratemicroemulsion composition comprising: a water-soluble pesticidedissolved in an aqueous medium, the water-soluble pesticide beingpresent in a concentration that is biologically effective when thecomposition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to thefoliage of a susceptible plant; a substantially water-immiscible organicsolvent; and a surfactant component comprising at least one cationicsurfactant and at least one nonionic surfactant, the surfactantcomponent being present in a concentration sufficient to provideacceptable temperature stability of the emulsion such that the emulsionhas a cloud point of at least about 50° C. and a crystallization pointnot greater than about −10° C.
 42. The composition of claim 41 whereinsaid surfactant component comprises one or more amine or quaternaryammonium salt compounds, each of which comprises an alkyl or arylsubstituent having from about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms and not morethan ten ethylene oxide linkages within the compound, said compoundsbeing present in an amount which enhances the compatibility of saidsurfactant component with the herbicide and which provides an opticallytransparent composition.
 43. The composition of claim 41 wherein thecrystallization point is not greater than about −20° C.
 44. Thecomposition of claim 41 wherein the cloud point is at least about 60° C.45. The composition of claim 41 wherein said surfactant componentcomprises one or more amine or quaternary ammonium salt compounds, eachof which comprises an alkyl or aryl substituent having from about 4 toabout 16 carbon atoms and not more than ten ethylene oxide linkageswithin the compound, said compounds being present in an amount whichenhances the compatibility of said surfactant component with theherbicide.
 46. The composition of claim 45 wherein said compounds areselected from the group consisting of amines or quaternary ammoniumsalts having the formula:

wherein R¹ is linear or branched alkyl or aryl having from about 4 toabout 16 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or—(CH₂CH₂O)_(x)H, R³ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or —(CH₂CH₂O)_(y)Hwherein the sum of X and y is not more than about 5; R⁴ is hydrogen ormethyl; R⁶ in each of the n (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄alkylene; R⁵ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from2 to about 6 carbon atoms; and A— is an agriculturally acceptable anion.47. The composition of claim 41 wherein the herbicide is glyphosate or asalt or ester thereof.
 48. The composition of claim 47 wherein theglyphosate is predominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium,diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine,ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine or trimethylsulfonium saltthereof.
 49. The composition of claim 48 wherein the glyphosate ispredominantly in the form of the potassium salt thereof.
 50. Thecomposition of claim 41 wherein the composition is stable after storageat 50° C. for at least 14 days.
 51. The composition of claim 50 whereinthe composition is stable after storage at 50° C. for about 28 days. 52.The composition of claim 41 wherein the composition has a viscosity ofless than about 1000 centipoise at 0° C. at 45/s shear rate.
 53. Thecomposition of claim 52 wherein the composition has a viscosity of lessthan about 700 centipoise at 0° C. at 45/s shear rate.
 54. Thecomposition of claim 53 wherein the composition has a viscosity of lessthan about 400 centipoise at 0° C. at 45/s shear rate.
 55. Thecomposition of claim 54 wherein the composition has a viscosity of lessthan about 225 centipoise at 0° C. at 45/s shear rate.
 56. Thecomposition of claim 41 wherein said surfactant component is selectedsuch that the composition exhibits no crystallization of said herbicidewhen stored at a temperature of about −20° C. for a period of about 7days.
 57. The composition of claim 41 wherein said surfactant componentis selected such that the composition exhibits no crystallization ofsaid herbicide when stored at a temperature of about −10° C. for aperiod of about 7 days.
 58. The composition of claim 47 wherein saidglyphosate is in solution in said aqueous phase in an amount of about310 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of the composition.59. The composition of claim 58 wherein the concentration of saidglyphosate is from about 360 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent perliter of the composition.
 60. The composition of claim 59 wherein theconcentration of said glyphosate is from about 400 to about 600 grams ofacid equivalent per liter of the composition.
 61. The composition ofclaim 41 wherein the total amount of surfactant is from about 20 toabout 300 grams per liter of the composition.
 62. The composition ofclaim 41 wherein the composition is substantially homogeneous uponstorage at 50° C. for one week.
 63. The composition of claim 41 whereinsaid cationic surfactant comprises (a) aminated alkoxylated alcoholhaving the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O)groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ and R⁶ are each independentlyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms; R⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl,—(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷, —C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³, —C(═O)NR¹²R¹³, —C(═S)NR¹²R¹³ ortogether with R⁵ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, forma cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R⁵ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxysubstituted hydrocarbyl, —(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷, —C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³,—C(═O)NR¹²R¹³, or together with R⁴ and the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R⁷ is hydrogen or alinear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R¹¹,R¹² and R¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl, R¹⁴ ishydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, —(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷,—C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³, —C(═O)NR¹²R¹³, or —C(═S)NR¹²R¹³, n is 0 or 1, x and yare independently an average number from 1 to about 60, and A— is anagriculturally acceptable anion; (b) hydroxylated amides having theformula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and is hydroxyalkyl,polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl; (c) diamines having theformula:

wherein R¹ R² and R⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms orR⁸(OR⁹)_(n)OR¹⁰, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylenehaving from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, R⁸ and R⁹ are individuallyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 4carbon atoms, R⁴ and R¹⁰ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about 40, and X is —C(O)— or—SO₂—; (d) mono- or di-ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or—R⁸(OR⁹)_(n)OR¹⁰, R⁶ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁸ and R⁹ areindividually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2to about 4 carbon atoms, R¹⁰ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, n is anaverage number from 0 to about 40, X is —C(O)— or —SO₂—, Z is —C(O)—,and A⁻ is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (e) poly(hydroxyalkyl)amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms or —R⁴OR⁵, R² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R³ ishydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl, R⁴ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 18carbon atoms, and R⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; (f) alkoxylatedpoly(hydroxyalkyl)amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x(R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁵ ishydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl; x is anaverage number from 0 to about 30, and y is 0 or 1; (g)di-poly(hydroxyalkyl)amine having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 18carbon atoms, and R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydroxyalkyl,polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl; (h) quaternarypoly(hydroxyalkyl)amine salts having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms or —X_(m)—(R⁴O)_(y)R⁵, R² and R³ areindependently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl,or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl, X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; R⁴in each of the y(R⁴O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁵ ishydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbonatoms; X is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2to about 18 carbon atoms; m is 0 or 1; and y is an average number from 0to about 30 (i) triamines having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms; R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, or —(R⁸)_(s)(R⁷O)_(n)R⁶; R⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R⁷ in each of the n(R⁷O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁸ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, n isan average number from 1 to about 10, s is 0 or 1, and x and y areindependently an integer from 1 to about 4; (j) diamines having theformula:

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene havingfrom 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³—, —C(═O)NR¹²R¹³—,—C(═S)NR¹²R¹³—, —C(═NR ¹²)—, —C(S)—,or —C(O)—, R⁶ in each of the x (R⁶O)and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁷ is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 toabout 50, and y is an average number from 0 to about 60; (k) mono- ordi-quatemary ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸ and R⁹ are independently hydrogen,polyhydroxyalkyl, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R² is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ ineach of the x (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R⁷ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, y is anaverage number from about 3 to about 60, and X⁻ is an agriculturallyacceptable anion; (l) a secondary or tertiary amine having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R² are hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, and R³ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms; (m) monoalkylated amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R⁴ are independently hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or —R⁵SR⁶, R²in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4carbon atoms, R⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 6to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylgroup having from 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x is an average numberfrom 1 to about 60; (n) dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts havingthe formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, x and y are independently an average number from 1 to about 40,and X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (o) monoalkoxylatedquatemary ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁴ ishydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 60, and X—is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (p) quaternary ammonium saltshaving the formula:

wherein R¹, R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² ishydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, and X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (q) etheramineshaving the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms; R² is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R³ and R⁴ areindependently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R⁵O)_(x)R⁶, R⁵ in each of thex(R⁵—O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁶ is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms,and x is an average number from 1 to about 50; (r) diamines having theformula:

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷; R² and R⁸ are independently hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ in each of thex (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁷ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, X is —O—,—N(R⁶)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R⁹)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R⁹)—, —S—, —SO—,or —SO₂—, y is 0 or an average number from 1 to about 30, n and z areindependently 0 or 1, and R⁹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl; (s) amine oxides having the formula:

wherein R¹, R² and R³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,—(R⁴O)_(x)R⁵, or —R⁶(OR⁴)_(x)OR⁵; R⁴ in each of the x (R⁴O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁵ is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ is ahydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 50, and the totalnumber of carbon atoms in R¹, R² and R³ is at least 8; (t) alkoxylatedamine oxides having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O)groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ is a hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁴ andR⁵ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,—(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷; R⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁷ is hydrogenor a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, nis 0 or 1, and x and y are independently an average number from 1 toabout 60; (u) dialkoxylated amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, —R⁴SR⁵, or —(R²O)_(z)R³, R² in each ofthe x (R²O), y (R²O) and z (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 22 carbon atoms, R⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁵ is a linear or branched alkylgroup having from about 4 to about 15 carbon atoms, and x, y and z areindependently an average number from 1 to about 40, provided, however,that when R¹ is alkyl, either the sum of x and y is greater than 20 orR³ is other than hydrogen; (v) aminated alkoxylated alcohols having thefollowing chemical structure:

wherein R¹, R⁷, R⁸, and R⁹ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R¹¹)_(s)(R³O)_(v)R¹⁰; X is —O—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, —N(R¹²)C(O)—,—C(O)N(R¹²)—, —S—, —SO—, —SO₂— or —N(R⁹)—; R³ in each of the n (R³O)groups and the v (R³O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R¹⁰ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an averagenumber from 1 to about 50; R² and R¹¹ are each independentlyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene havingfrom 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R¹² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; m and sare each independently 0 or 1; R⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, —C(═NR¹²)—,—C(S)—, or —C(O)—; q is an integer from 0 to 5; and R⁵ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms; (w) a quatemary ammonium, sulfonium or sulfoxonium salt havingthe following chemical structure:

wherein R¹, R⁷, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R¹³)_(s)(R³O)_(v)R¹²; X is —O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R¹⁴)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R¹⁴)—,—C(O)O—, or —S—; R³ in each of the n (R¹³O) groups and v (R³O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R¹² is hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an averagenumber from 1 to about 60; v is an average number from 1 to about 50; R²and R¹³ are each independently hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; m and s are eachindependently 0 or 1; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylenehaving from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁶ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms,—C(═NR¹²)—, —C(S)—, or —C(O)—; R¹⁴ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, q is aninteger from 0 to 5; R⁶ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; and each A⁻ is anagriculturally acceptable anion; (x) a diamine or diammonium salt havingthe formula:

wherein R¹, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, R² in each of the m (R²O) and n (R²O) groups and R⁹ areindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or—(R²O)_(p)R₉—, m and n are individually an average number from 0 toabout 50, and p is an average number from 0 to about 60; or (y) acompound of the formula:

wherein R¹, R⁹, and R¹² are independently hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R²O)_(p)R¹³; R²in each of the m (R²O), n (R²O), p (R²O) and q (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³, R⁸, R¹¹, R¹³ and R¹⁵ are independentlyhydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms; R⁴ is —(CH₂)_(y)OR¹³ or —(CH₂)_(y)O(R²O)_(q)R³;R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or R⁴; R¹⁰ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30carbon atoms; R¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(CH₂)_(z)O(R²O)_(p)R³; m, n,p and q are independently an average number from 1 to about 50; X isindependently —O—, —N(R¹⁴)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R¹⁵)C(O)—,—C(O)N(R¹⁵)—, —S—, —SO—, or —SO₂—; t is 0 or 1; A— is an agriculturallyacceptable anion; and y and z are independently an integer from 0 toabout
 30. 64. The composition of claim 63 wherein said nonionicsurfactant comprises (a) an alkoxylated alcohol having the formula:R¹O—(R²O)_(x)R³  (49)wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x(R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms,and x is an average number from 1 to about 60; (b) dialkoxylatedalcohols having the formula: R¹(OR²)_(x)O—R³—O—(R²O)_(y)R¹  (50)whereinR¹ is independently hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) and the y(R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, and xand y are independently an average number from 1 to about 60; or (c)alkoxylated dialkylphenols having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one ofR¹ and R⁴ is an alkyl group, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and x is an averagenumber from 1 to about 60; or (d) a glycoside having the formula:

wherein n is the degree of polymerization, or number of glycose groups,and R is a branched or straight chain alkyl group preferably having from4 to 18 carbon atoms, or a mixture of alkyl groups having an averagevalue within the given range.
 65. A liquid herbicidal concentrateemulsion composition having a continuous aqueous phase and adiscontinuous oil phase, the composition comprising: (i) a water-solubleherbicide dissolved in said aqueous phase, the water-soluble herbicidebeing present in a concentration that is biologically effective when thecomposition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to thefoliage of a susceptible plant; (iii) an oil phase comprising asubstantially water-immiscible organic solvent; and (iv) a surfactantcomponent comprising at least one cationic surfactant, the surfactantcomponent being present in a concentration sufficient to provideacceptable temperature stability of the emulsion such that the emulsionhas a cloud point of at least about 50° C. and a crystallization pointnot greater than about 0° C.
 66. The composition of claim 65 wherein thecloud point is at least about 60° C.
 67. The composition of claim 65wherein the herbicide is glyphosate or a salt or ester thereof.
 68. Thecomposition of claim 67 wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in theform of the potassium, monoammonium, diammonium, sodium,monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine,hexamethylenediamine or trimethylsulfonium salt thereof.
 69. Thecomposition of claim 68 wherein the glyphosate is predominantly in theform of the potassium salt thereof.
 70. The composition of claim 65wherein the composition is stable after storage at 50 ° C. for at least14 days.
 71. The composition of claim 65 wherein the composition isstable after storage at 50° C. for about 28 days.
 72. The composition ofclaim 65 wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 1000centipoise at 0° C. at 45/s shear rate.
 73. The composition of claim 65wherein said surfactant component is selected such that the compositionexhibits no crystallization of said herbicide when stored at atemperature of about 0° C. for a period of about 7 days.
 74. Thecomposition of claim 65 wherein said glyphosate is in solution in saidaqueous phase in an amount of about 310 to about 600 grams of acidequivalent per liter of the composition.
 75. The composition of claim 74wherein said glyphosate is in solution in said aqueous phase in anamount of about 360 to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter ofthe composition.
 76. The composition of claim 75 wherein saidglyphosate, predominantly in the form of the potassium salt thereof, isin solution in said aqueous phase in an amount of about 400 to about 600grams of acid equivalent per liter of the composition.
 77. Thecomposition of claim 65 wherein the total amount of surfactant is fromabout 20 to about 300 grams per liter of the composition.
 78. Thecomposition of claim 65 wherein the composition is substantiallyhomogeneous upon storage at 50° C. for one week.
 79. The composition ofclaim 65 wherein said cationic surfactant comprises (a) aminatedalkoxylated alcohol having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O)groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ and R⁶ are each independentlyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms; R⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl,—(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷, —C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R^(—), —C═O)NR¹²R¹³, —C(═S)NR¹²R¹³or together with R⁵ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached,form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R⁵ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxysubstituted hydrocarbyl, —(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷, —C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³,—C(═O)NR¹²R¹³), —C(═S)NR¹²R¹³, or together with R⁴ and the nitrogen atomto which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R⁷ ishydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbonatoms; R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl, R¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl,—(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷, —C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³, —C(═O)NR¹²R¹³, or—C(═S)NR¹²R¹³, n is 0 or 1, x and y are independently an average numberfrom 1 to about 60, and A— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (b)hydroxylated amides having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and R³ ishydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl; (c) diamineshaving the formula:

wherein R¹, R² and R⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or—R⁸(OR⁹)_(n)OR¹⁰, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylenehaving from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, R⁸ and R⁹ are individuallyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 4carbon atoms, R⁴ and R¹⁰ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about 40, and X is —C(O)— or—SO₂—; (d) mono- or di-ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or—R⁸(OR⁹)_(n)OR¹⁰, R⁶ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁸ and R⁹ areindividually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2to about 4 carbon atoms, R¹⁰ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, n is anaverage number from 0 to about 40, X is —C(O)— or —SO₂—, Z is —C(O)—,and A⁻ is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (e)poly(hydroxyalkyl)amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms or —R⁴OR⁵, R² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R³ ishydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl, R⁴ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 18carbon atoms, and R⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; (f) alkoxylatedpoly(hydroxyalkyl)amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x(R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁵ ishydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl; x is anaverage number from 0 to about 30, and y is 0 or 1; (g)di-poly(hydroxyalkyl)amine having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 18carbon atoms, and R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydroxyalkyl,polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl; (h) quaternarypoly(hydroxyalkyl)amine salts having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms or —X_(m)—(R⁴O)_(y)R⁵, R² and R³ areindependently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl,or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl, X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; R⁴in each of the y(R⁴O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁵ ishydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbonatoms; X is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2to about 18 carbon atoms; m is 0 or 1; and y is an average number from 0to about 30; (i) triamines having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms; R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, or —(R⁸)_(s)(R⁷O)_(n)R⁶; R⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R⁷ in each of the n(R⁷O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁸ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, n isan average number from 1 to about 10, s is 0 or 1, and x and y areindependently an integer from 1 to about 4; (j) diamines having theformula:

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene havingfrom 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³—, —C(═O)NR¹²R¹³—,—C(═S)NR¹²R¹³—, —C(═NR ¹²)—,—C(S)—, or —C(O)—, R⁶ in each of the x (R⁶O)and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁷ is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 toabout 50, and y is an average number from 0 to about 60; (k) mono- ordi-quatemary ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸ and R⁹ are independently hydrogen,polyhydroxyalkyl, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R² is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ ineach of the x (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R⁷ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, y is anaverage number from about 3 to about 60, and X⁻ is an agriculturallyacceptable anion; (l) a secondary or tertiary amine having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R² are hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, and R³ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms; (m) monoalkylated amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R⁴ are independently hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or —R⁵SR⁶, R²in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4carbon atoms, R⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 6to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylgroup having from 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x is an average numberfrom 1 to about 60; (n) dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts havingthe formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, x and y are independently an average number from 1 to about 40,and X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (o) monoalkoxylatedquaternary ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁴ ishydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 60, and X—is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (p) quaternary ammonium saltshaving the formula:

wherein R¹, R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² ishydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, and X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (q) etheramineshaving the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms; R² is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R³ and R⁴ areindependently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R⁵O)_(x)R⁶, R⁵ in each of thex(R⁵—O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁶ is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms,and x is an average number from 1 to about 50; (r) diamines having theformula:

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷; R² and R⁵ are independently hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ in each of thex (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁷ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, X is —O—,—N(R⁶)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R⁹)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R⁹)—, —S—, —SO—,or —SO₂—, y is 0 or an average number from 1 to about 30, n and z areindependently 0 or 1, and R⁹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl; (s) amine oxides having the formula:

wherein R¹, R² and R³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,—(R⁴O)_(x)R⁵, or —R⁶(OR⁴)_(x)OR⁵ ; R⁴ in each of the x (R⁴O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁵ is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ is ahydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 50, and the totalnumber of carbon atoms in R¹, R² and R³ is at least 8; (t) alkoxylatedamine oxides having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R² ) and y (R²O)groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ is a hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁴ andR⁵ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,—(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷; R⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁷ is hydrogenor a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, nis 0 or 1, and x and y are independently an average number from 1 toabout 60; (u) dial koxylated amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, —R⁴SR⁵, or —(R²O)_(z)R³, R² in each ofthe x (R²O), y (R²O) and z (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 22 carbon atoms, R⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁵ is a linear or branched alkylgroup having from about 4 to about 15 carbon atoms, and x, y and z areindependently an average number from 1 to about 40, provided, however,that when R¹ is alkyl, either the sum of x and y is greater than 20 orR³ is other than hydrogen; (v) aminated alkoxylated alcohols having thefollowing chemical structure:

wherein R², R⁷, R⁸, and R⁹ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R¹¹)_(s)(R³O)_(v)R¹⁰; X is —O—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, —N(R¹²)C(O)—,—C(O)N(R¹²)—, —S—, —SO—, —SO₂—or —N(R⁹)—; R³ in each of the n (R³O)groups and the v (R³O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R¹⁰ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an averagenumber from 1 to about 50; R² and R¹¹ are each independentlyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene havingfrom 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R¹² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; m and sare each independently 0 or 1; R⁵ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, —C(═NR¹²)—,—C(S)—, or —C(O)—; q is an integer from 0 to 5; and R⁵ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms; (w) a quaternary ammonium, sulfonium or sulfoxonium salt havingthe following chemical structure:

wherein R¹, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, or —(R¹³)_(s)(R³O)_(v)R¹²; X is —O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R¹⁴)C(O)—,—C(O)N(R¹⁴)—, —C(O)O—, or —S—; R³ in each of the n (R³O ) groups and v(R³O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R¹² is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; nis an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an average number from 1to about 50; R² and R¹³ are each independently hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; m ands are each independently 0 or 1; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁶ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30carbon atoms, —C(═NR¹²)—, —C(S)—, or —C(O)—; R¹⁴ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, q is an integer from 0 to 5; R⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; and eachA⁻ is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (x) a diamine or diammoniumsalt having the formula:

wherein R¹, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, R² in each of the m (R²O) and n (R²O) groups and R⁹ areindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or—(R²O)_(p)R⁹—, m and n are individually an average number from 0 toabout 50, and p is an average number from 0 to about 60; or (y) acompound of the formula:

wherein R¹, R⁹, and R¹² are independently hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R²O)_(p)R¹³; R²in each of the m (R²O), n (R²O), p (R²O) and q (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³, R⁸, R¹¹, R^(13 and R) ¹⁵ areindependently hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R⁴ is —(CH₂)_(y)OR¹³ or—(CH₂)_(y)O(R²O) _(q)R³; R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, or R⁴; R¹⁰ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene havingfrom 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(CH₂)_(z)O(R²O)_(p)R³; m, n, p and q are independently an averagenumber from 1 to about 50; X is independently —O—, —N(R¹⁴)—, —C(O)—,—C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R¹⁵)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R¹⁵)—, —S—, —SO—, or —SO₂—; t is0 or 1; A— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; and y and z areindependently an integer from 0 to about
 30. 80. The composition ofclaim 65 wherein said surfactant component further comprises at leastone nonionic surfactant comprising (a) an alkoxylated alcohol having theformula: R¹O—(R²O)_(x)R³  (49)wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x(R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms,and x is an average number from 1 to about 60; (b) dialkoxylatedalcohols having the formula: R¹(OR²)_(x)O—R³—O—(R²O)_(y)R¹  (50)whereinR¹ is independently hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) and the y(R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, and xand y are independently an average number from 1 to about 60; or (c)alkoxylated dialkylphenols having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one ofR¹ and R⁴ is an alkyl group, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and x is an averagenumber from 1 to about 60; or (d) a glycoside having the formula:

wherein n is the degree of polymerization, or number of glycose groups,and R is a branched or straight chain alkyl group preferably having from4 to 18 carbon atoms, or a mixture of alkyl groups having an averagevalue within the given range.
 81. An aqueous herbicidal concentratecomposition comprising: (i) a water-soluble herbicide dissolved in anaqueous medium, the water-soluble herbicide being present in aconcentration that is biologically effective when the composition isdiluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to the foliage of asusceptible plant; (ii) a surfactant component comprising: at least onecationic surfactant; and one or more amine or quaternary ammonium saltcompounds, each of which comprises an alkyl or aryl substituent havingfrom about 4 to about 16 carbon atoms and not more than ten ethyleneoxide linkages within the compound, said compounds being present in anamount which enhances the compatibility of said surfactant componentwith the herbicide; said surfactant component being present in aconcentration sufficient to provide acceptable temperature stability ofthe composition such that the composition has a cloud point of at leastabout 50° C. and a crystallization point not greater than about 0° C.82. The composition of claim 81 wherein the cloud point is at leastabout 60° C.
 83. The composition of claim 81 wherein said compounds areselected from the group consisting of amines or quaternary ammoniumsalts having the formula:

wherein R¹ is linear or branched alkyl or aryl having from about 4 toabout 16 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or—(CH₂CH₂O)_(x)H, R³ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or —(CH₂CH₂)_(y)Hwherein the sum of X and y is not more than about 5; R⁴ is hydrogen ormethyl; R⁶ in each of the n (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄alkylene; R⁵ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from2 to about 6 carbon atoms; and A— is an agriculturally acceptable anion.84. The composition of claim 81 wherein the herbicide is glyphosate or asalt or ester thereof.
 85. The composition of claim 84 wherein theglyphosate is predominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium,diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine,ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine or trimethylsulfonium saltthereof.
 86. The composition of claim 85 wherein the glyphosate ispredominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium, diammonium,sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, orhexamethylenediamine salt thereof.
 87. The composition of claim 81wherein the surfactant component is in a stable emulsion.
 88. Thecomposition of claim 81 wherein the surfactant component is in a stablesuspension.
 89. The composition of claim 81 wherein the surfactantcomponent is in a stable dispersion.
 90. The composition of claim 81wherein the surfactant component is in a solution.
 91. The compositionof claim 81 wherein the composition is stable after storage at 50° C.for at least 14 days.
 92. The composition of claim 81 wherein thecomposition is stable after storage at 50° C. for about 28 days.
 93. Thecomposition of claim 81 wherein the composition has a viscosity of lessthan about 1000 centipoise at 0° C. at 45/s shear rate.
 94. Thecomposition of claim 81 wherein said surfactant component is selectedsuch that the composition exhibits no crystallization of said herbicidewhen stored at a temperature of about 0° C. for a period of about 7days.
 95. The composition of claim 81 wherein said glyphosate,predominantly in the form of the potassium salt thereof, is in solutionin said medium in an amount of about 310 to about 600 grams of acidequivalent per liter of the composition.
 96. The composition of claim 95wherein said glyphosate, predominantly in the form of the potassium saltthereof, is in solution in said medium in an amount of about 360 toabout 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of the composition.
 97. Thecomposition of claim 84 wherein said glyphosate is in solution in saidmedium in an amount greater than 450 grams of acid equivalent per literof the composition.
 98. The composition of claim 81 wherein the totalamount of surfactant is from about 20 to about 300 grams per liter ofthe composition.
 99. The composition of claim 81 wherein the compositionis substantially homogeneous upon storage at 500° C. for one week. 100.The composition of claim 81 wherein said cationic surfactant comprises(a) aminated alkoxylated alcohol having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O)groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ and R⁶ are each independentlyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms; R⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl,—(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷, —C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³, —C( ═O)NR^( R) ^(—),—C(═S)NR¹²R¹³, or —C(═S)NR¹²R¹³ or together with R⁵ and the nitrogenatom to which they are attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R⁵is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl,—(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷, —C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³, —C(═O)NR¹²R¹³, —C(═S)NR¹²R¹³,or together with R⁴ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached,form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R⁷ is hydrogen or a linear orbranched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl, R¹⁴ is hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, —(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷,—C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³, —C(═O)NR¹²R¹³, or —C(═S)NR¹²R¹³, n is 0 or 1, x and yare independently an average number from 1 to about 60, and A— is anagriculturally acceptable anion; (b) hydroxylated amides having theformula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and R³ ishydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl; (c) diamineshaving the formula:

wherein R¹, R² and R⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or—R⁸(OR⁹)_(n)OR¹⁰, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylenehaving from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, R⁸ and R⁹ are individuallyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 4carbon atoms, R⁴ and R¹⁰ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about 40, and X is —C(O)— or—SO₂—; (d) mono- or di-ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or—R⁸(OR⁹)_(n)OR¹⁰, R⁶ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁸ and R⁹ areindividually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2to about 4 carbon atoms, R¹⁰ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, n is anaverage number from 0 to about 40, X is —C(O)— or —SO₂—, Z is —C(O)—,and A⁻ is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (e)poly(hydroxyalkyl)amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms or —R⁴OR⁵, R² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R³ ishydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl alkyl, R⁴ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 18carbon atoms, and R⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; (f) alkoxylatedpoly(hydroxyalkyl)amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x(R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁵ ishydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl; x is anaverage number from 0 to about 30, and y is 0 or 1; (g)di-poly(hydroxyalkyl)amine having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 18carbon atoms, and R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydroxyalkyl,polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl; (h) quaternarypoly(hydroxyalkyl)amine salts having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms or —X_(m)—(R⁴O)_(y)R⁵, R² and R³ areindependently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl,or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl, X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; R⁴in each of the y(R⁴O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁵ ishydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbonatoms; X is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2to about 18 carbon atoms; m is 0 or 1; and y is an average number from 0to about 30; (i) triamines having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms; R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, or —(R⁸)_(s)(R⁷O)_(n)R⁶; R⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R⁷ in each of the n(R⁷O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁸ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, n isan average number from 1 to about 10, s is 0 or 1, and x and y areindependently an integer from 1 to about 4; (j) diamines having theformula:

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene havingfrom 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³—, —C(═O)NR¹²R¹³—,—C(═S)NR¹²R¹³—, —C(═NR¹²)—, —C(S)—, or —C(O)—, R⁶ in each of the x (R⁶O)and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁷ is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 toabout 50, and y is an average number from 0 to about 60; (k) mono- ordi-quatemary ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸ and R⁹ are independently hydrogen,polyhydroxyalkyl, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R² is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ ineach of the x (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R⁷ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, y is anaverage number from about 3 to about 60, and X⁻ is an agriculturallyacceptable anion; (l) a secondary or tertiary amine having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R² are hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, and R³ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms; (m) monoalkylated amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R⁴ are independently hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or —R⁵SR⁶, R²in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4carbon atoms, R⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 6to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylgroup having from 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x is an average numberfrom 1 to about 60; (n) dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts havingthe formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, x and y are independently an average number from 1 to about 40,and X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (o) monoalkoxylatedquaternary ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁴ ishydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, R² in each of the x (R²O ) groups is independently C₂-C₄alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about60, and X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (p) quaternaryammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹, R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² ishydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, and X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (q) etheramineshaving the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms; R² is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R³ and R⁴ areindependently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R⁵O)_(x)R⁶, R⁵ in each of thex(R⁵—O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁶ is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms,and x is an average number from 1 to about 50; (r) diamines having theformula:

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷; R² and R⁸ are independently hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ in each of thex (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁷ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, X is —O—,—N(R⁶)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R⁹)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R⁹)—, —S—, —SO—,or —SO₂—, y is 0 or an average number from 1 to about 30, n and z areindependently 0 or 1, and R⁹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl; (s) amine oxides having the formula:

wherein R¹, R² and R³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 13 carbon atoms,—(R⁴O)_(x)R⁵, or —R⁶(OR⁴)_(x)OR⁵ ;R⁴in each of the x (R⁴O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁵ is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ is ahydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 50, and the totalnumber of carbon atoms in R¹, R² and R³ is at least 8; (t) alkoxylatedamine oxides having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O)groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ is a hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁴ andR⁵ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,—(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷; R⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁷ is hydrogenor a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, nis 0 or 1, and x and y are independently an average number from 1 toabout 60; (u) dialkoxylated amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, —R⁴SR⁵, or —(R²O)_(z)R³, R² in each ofthe x (R²O), y (R² O) and z (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl grouphaving from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁵ is a linear or branchedalkyl group having from about 4 to about 15 carbon atoms, and x, y and zare independently an average number from 1 to about 40, provided,however, that when R¹ is alkyl, either the sum of x and y is greaterthan 20 or R³ is other than hydrogen; (v) aminated alkoxylated alcoholshaving the following chemical structure:

wherein R¹, R⁷, R⁸, and R⁹are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R¹¹)_(s)(R³O)_(v)R¹⁰; X is —O—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O —, —N(R¹²)C(O)—,—C(O)N(R¹²)—, —S—, 13 SO—, —SO²‘or —N(R⁹)—; R³ in each of the n (R³O)groups and the v (R³O) groups is independently C2-C4 alkylene; R¹⁰ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an averagenumber from 1 to about 50; R² and R¹¹ are each independentlyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene havingfrom 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R¹² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; m and sare each independently 0 or 1; R⁰ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, —C(αNR¹²)—,—C(S)—, or —C(O)—; q is an integer from 0 to 5; and R⁵ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms; (w) a quatemary ammonium, sulfonium or sulfoxonium salt havingthe following chemical structure:

wherein R¹, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, or —(R¹³)_(s)(R³O)_(v)R¹²; X is —O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R¹⁴)C(O)—,—C(O)N(R¹⁴)—, —C(O)O—, or —S—; R³ in each of the n (R³O) groups and v(R³O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R¹² is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; nis an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an average number from 1to about 50; R² and R¹³ are each independently hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; m ands are each independently 0 or 1; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁶ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30carbon atoms, —C(═NR¹²)—, —C(S)—, or —C(O)—; R¹⁴ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, q is an integer from 0 to 5; R⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; and eachA⁻ is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (x) a diamine or diammoniumsalt having the formula:

wherein R¹, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, R² in each of the m (R²O) and n (R²O) groups and R⁹ areindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or—(R²O)_(p)R⁹—, m and n are individually an average number from 0 toabout 50, and p is an average number from 0 to about 60; or (y) acompound of the formula:

wherein R¹, R⁹, and R¹² are independently hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R²O)_(p)R¹³; R²in each of the m (R²O), n (R²O), p (R²O) and q (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³, R⁸, R¹¹, R¹³ and R¹⁵ are independentlyhydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms; R⁴ is —(CH₂)_(y)OR¹³ or —(CH₂)_(y)O(R²O)_(q)R³;R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or R⁴;R¹⁰ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 toabout 30 carbon atoms; R¹⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(CH₂)_(z)O(R²O)_(p)R³; m, n, p and q are independently an averagenumber from 1 to about 50; X is independently —O—, —N(R¹⁴)—, —C(O)—,—C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R¹⁵)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R¹⁵)—, —S—, —SO—, or —SO₂—; t is0 or 1; A— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; and y and z areindependently an integer from 0 to about
 30. 101. An aqueous herbicidalconcentrate composition comprising: (i) a water-soluble herbicidedissolved in an aqueous medium, the water-soluble herbicide beingpresent in a concentration that is biologically effective when thecomposition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to thefoliage of a susceptible plant; (ii) a surfactant component comprisingat least one cationic surfactant and at least one nonionic surfactant,the surfactant component being present in a concentration sufficient toprovide acceptable temperature stability of the composition such thatthe composition has a cloud point of at least about 50° C. and acrystallization point not greater than about 0° C.
 102. The compositionof claim 101 wherein the cloud point is at least about 60° C.
 103. Thecomposition of claim 101 wherein said surfactant component comprises oneor more amine or quaternary ammonium salt compounds, each of whichcomprises an alkyl or aryl substituent having from about 4 to about 16carbon atoms and not more than ten ethylene oxide linkages within thecompound, said compounds being present in an amount which enhances thecompatibility of said surfactant component with the herbicide.
 104. Thecomposition of claim 103 wherein said compounds are selected from thegroup consisting of amines or quaternary ammonium salts having theformula:

wherein R¹ is linear or branched alkyl or aryl having from about 4 toabout 16 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or—(CH₂CH₂O)_(x)H, R³ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or —(CH₂CH₂O)_(y)Hwherein the sum of X and y is not more than about 5; R⁴ is hydrogen ormethyl; R⁶ in each of the n (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄alkylene; R⁵ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from2 to about 6 carbon atoms; and A— is an agriculturally acceptable anion.105. The composition of claim 101 wherein the herbicide is glyphosate ora salt or ester thereof.
 106. The composition of claim 105 wherein theglyphosate is predominantly in the form of the potassium, monoammonium,diammonium, sodium, monoethanolamine, n-propylamine, ethylamine,ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine or trimethylsulfonium saltthereof.
 107. The composition of claim 106 wherein the glyphosate ispredominantly in the form of the potassium salt thereof.
 108. Thecomposition of claim 101 wherein the surfactant component is in a stableemulsion.
 109. The composition of claim 101 wherein the surfactantcomponent is in a stable suspension.
 110. The composition of claim 101wherein the surfactant component is in a stable dispersion.
 111. Thecomposition of claim 101 wherein the surfactant component is in asolution.
 112. The composition of claim 101 wherein the composition isstable after storage at 50° C. for at least 14 days.
 113. Thecomposition of claim 101 wherein the composition is stable after storageat 50° C. for about 28 days.
 114. The composition of claim 101 whereinthe composition has a viscosity of less than about 1000 centipoise at 0°C. at 45/s shear rate.
 115. The composition of claim 101 wherein saidsurfactant component is selected such that the composition exhibits nocrystallization of said herbicide when stored at a temperature of about0° C. for a period of about 7 days.
 116. The composition of claim 101wherein said glyphosate, predominantly in the form of the potassium saltthereof, is in solution in said aqueous medium in an amount of about 310to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of the composition. 117.The composition of claim 116 wherein said glyphosate, predominantly inthe form of the potassium salt thereof, is in solution in said aqueousmedium in an amount of about 360 to about 600 grams of acid equivalentper liter of the composition.
 118. The composition of claim 117 whereinsaid glyphosate, predominantly in the form of the potassium saltthereof, is in solution in said aqueous medium in an amount of about 400to about 600 grams of acid equivalent per liter of the composition. 119.The composition of claim 101 wherein the total amount of surfactant isfrom about 20 to about 300 grams per liter of the composition.
 120. Thecomposition of claim 101 wherein the composition is substantiallyhomogeneous upon storage at 50° C. for one week.
 121. The composition ofclaim 101 wherein said cationic surfactant comprises (a) aminatedalkoxylated alcohol having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O)groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ and R⁶ are each independentlyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms; R⁴ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylhaving from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl,—(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷, —C═NR¹²R¹³, —C(═O)NR¹² R¹³, —C(═S)NR¹²R¹³ ortogether with R⁵ and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, forma cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R⁵ is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydroxysubstituted hydrocarbyl, —(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷, —C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³,—C(═S)NR¹²R¹³, or together with R⁴ and the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached, form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring; R⁷ is hydrogen or alinear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R¹¹,R¹² and R¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl, R¹⁴ ishydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about30 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted hydrocarbyl, —(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷—C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³—C(═O)NR¹²R³, or —C(═S)NR¹²R¹³, n is 0 or 1, x and y areindependently an average number from 1 to about 60, and A— is anagriculturally acceptable anion; (b) hydroxylated amides having theformula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms, R² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, and R³ ishydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl; (c) diamineshaving the formula:

wherein R¹, R² and R⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or—R⁸(OR⁹)_(n)OR¹⁰, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylenehaving from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, R⁸ and R¹⁰ are individuallyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 4carbon atoms, R⁴ and R¹⁰ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0or 1, n is an average number from 0 to about 40, and X is —C(O)— or—SO₂—; (d) mono- or di-ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or—R⁸(OR⁹)_(n)OR¹⁰, R⁶ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁸ and R⁹ areindividually hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2to about 4 carbon atoms, R¹⁰ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, m is 0 or 1, n is anaverage number from 0 to about 40, X is —C(O)— or —SO₂—, Z is —C(O)—,and A⁻ is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (e)poly(hydroxyalkyl)amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms or —R⁴OR⁵, R² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R³ ishydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl, R⁴ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 18carbon atoms, and R⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; (f) alkoxylatedpoly(hydroxyalkyl)amines having the formula:

wherein R¹and R³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x(R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁴ hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 1to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁵ ishydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalky)alkyl; x is anaverage number from 0 to about 30, and y is 0 or 1; (g)di—poly(hydroxyalkyl)amine having the formula:

wherein R¹and R³ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R² ishydrocarbylene or substituted hyrocarbylene having from 2 to about 18carbon atoms, and R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydroxyalkyl,polyhydroxyalkyl, or poly(hydroxyalky)alkyl; (h) quaternarypoly(hydroxyalkyl)amine salts having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from about 4to about 30 carbon atoms or —X_(m)—(R⁴O)_(y)R⁵, R² are independentlyhydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, orpoly(hydroxyalkyl)alkyl, X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; R⁴ ineach of the y(R⁴O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁵ ishydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbonatoms; X is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2to about 18 carbon atoms; m is 0 or 1; and y is an average number from 0to about 30; (i) triamines having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms; R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, or —(R⁸)_(s)(R⁷ )_(n)R⁶; R⁶ is hydrogen or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R⁷ in each of the n(R⁷O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R⁸ is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, n isan average number from 1 to about 10, s is 0 or 1, and x and y areindependently an integer from 1 to about 4; (j) diamines having theformula:

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R² is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene havingfrom 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, C(═NR¹¹)NR¹²R¹³—, —C(═O)NR¹²R¹³—,—C(═S)NR¹²R¹³—, —C(═NR ¹²)—, —C(S)—, or —C(O)—, R⁶ in each of the x(R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁷ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is an averagenumber from 1 to about 50, and y is an average number from 0 to about60; (k) mono- or di-quatemary ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁸ and R⁹ are independently hydrogen,polyhydroxyalkyl, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷, R² is hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ ineach of the x (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R⁷ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 4 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, y is anaverage number from about 3 to about 60, and X⁻ is an agriculturallyacceptable anion; (l) a secondary or tertiary amine having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R² are hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, and R³ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms; (m) monoalkylated amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R⁴ are independently hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or —R⁵SR⁶, R²in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4carbon atoms, R⁵ is a linear or branched alkyl group having from about 6to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbylgroup having from 4 to about 15 carbon atoms and x is an average numberfrom 1 to about 60; (n) dialkoxylated quaternary ammonium salts havingthe formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, x and y are independently an average number from 1 to about 40,and X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (o) monoalkoxylatedquaternary ammonium salts having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁴ ishydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 60, and X—is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (p) quaternary ammonium saltshaving the formula:

wherein R¹, R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 about 30 carbon atoms, R² ishydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, and X— is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (q) etheramineshaving the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms; R² is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; R³ and R⁴ areindependently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R⁵O)_(x)R⁶, R⁵ in each of thex(R⁵O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁶ is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms,and x is an average number from 1 to about 50; (r) diamines having theformula:

wherein R¹, R³, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R⁶O)_(x)R⁷; R² and R⁸ are independently hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ in each of thex (R⁶O) and y (R⁶O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁷ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 30, X is —O—,—N(R⁶)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R⁹)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R⁹)—, —S—, —SO—,or —SO₂—, y is 0 or an average number from 1 to about 30, n and z areindependently 0 or 1, and R⁹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl; (s) amine oxides having the formula:

wherein R¹, R² and R³ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,—(R⁴O)_(x)R⁵, or —R⁶(OR⁴)_(x)OR⁵ ; R⁴ in each of the x (R⁴O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R⁵ is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁶ is ahydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms, x is an average number from 1 to about 50, and the totalnumber of carbon atoms in R¹, R² and R³ is at least 8; (t) alkoxylatedamine oxides having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R² in each of the x (R²O) and y (R²O)groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³ is a hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁴ andR⁵ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms,—(R⁶)_(n)—(R²O)_(y)R⁷; R⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R⁷ is hydrogenor a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, nis 0 or 1, and x and y are independently an average number from 1 toabout 60; (u) dialkoxylated amines having the formula:

wherein R¹ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, —R⁴SR⁵, or —(R²O)_(z)R³, R² in each ofthe x (R²O), y (R² ) and z (R²O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene,R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 toabout 22 carbon atoms, R⁴ is a linear or branched alkyl group havingfrom about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, R⁵ is a linear or branched alkylgroup having from about 4 to about 15 carbon atoms, and x, y and z areindependently an average number from 1 to about 40, provided, however,that when R¹ is alkyl, either the sum of x and y is greater than 20 orR³ is other than hydrogen; (v) aminated alkoxylated alcohols having thefollowing chemical structure:

wherein R¹, R⁷, R⁸, and R⁹ are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbylor substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or—(R¹¹)_(s)(R³O)_(v)R¹⁰; X is —O—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)O—, —N(R¹²)C(O)—,—C(O)N(R¹²)—, —S—, —SO—, —SO₂—or —N(R⁹)—; R³ in each of the n (R³O)groups and the v (R³O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R¹⁰ ishydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30carbon atoms; n is an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an averagenumber from 1 to about 50; R² and R¹¹ are each independentlyhydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6carbon atoms; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene havingfrom 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R¹² is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; m and sare each independently 0 or 1; R⁶ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, —C(═NR¹²)—,—C(S)—, or —C(O)—; q is an integer from 0 to 5; and R⁵ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms; (w) a quatemary ammonium, sulfonium or sulfoxonium salt havingthe following chemical structure:

wherein R¹, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are independently hydrogen,hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, or —(R¹³)_(s)(R³O)_(v)R¹²; X is —O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R¹⁴)C(O)—,—C(O)N(R¹⁴)—, —C(O)O—, or —S—; R³ in each of the n (R³O) groups and v(R³O) groups is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R¹² is hydrogen, or alinear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; nis an average number from 1 to about 60; v is an average number from 1to about 50; R² and R¹³ are each independently hydrocarbylene orsubstituted hydrocarbylene having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; m ands are each independently 0 or 1; R⁴ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms; R⁶ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30carbon atoms, —C(═NR¹²)—, —C(S)—, or —C(O)—; R¹⁴ is hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, q is an integer from 0 to 5; R⁵ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl orsubstituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; and eachA⁻ is an agriculturally acceptable anion; (x) a diamine or diammoniumsalt having the formula:

wherein R¹, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently hydrogen orhydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbonatoms, R² in each of the m (R²O) and n (R²O) groups and R⁹ areindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or—(R²O)_(p)R₉—, m and n are individually an average number from 0 toabout 50, and p is an average number from 0 to about 60; or (y) acompound of the formula:

wherein R¹, R⁹, and R¹² are independently hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or —(R²O)_(p)R¹³; R²in each of the m (R²O), n (R²O), p(R²O) and q (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene; R³, R⁸, R¹¹, R¹³ and R¹⁵ are independentlyhydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl having from 1 toabout 30 carbon atoms; R⁴ is —(CH₂)_(y)OR¹³ or —(CH₂)_(y)O(R²O) _(q)R³;R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, or R⁴; R¹⁰ ishydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30carbon atom; R¹⁴ hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl havingfrom 1 to about 30 carbon atom, or —(CH₂)_(z)O(R²O)_(p)R³; m, n, p and qare independently an average number from 1 to about 50 ; X isindependently —O—, —N(R¹⁴)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —N(R¹⁵)C(O)—,—C(O)N(R¹⁵)—, —S—, —SO—, or —SO₂—; t is 0 or 1 ; A— is an agriculturallyacceptable anion; and y and z are independently an integer from 0 toabout
 30. 122. The composition of claim 101 wherein said nonionicsurfactant comprises (a) an alkoxylated alcohol having the formula:R¹O—(R²O)_(x)R³  (49)wherein R¹ is hydrocarbyl or substitutedhydrocarbyl having 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O)group is independently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a liner orbranched alkyl group having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and x is anaverage number from 1 to about 60; (b) dialkoxylated alcohols having theformula: R¹(OR²)_(x)O—R³—O—(R²O)_(y)R¹  (50)wherein R¹ is independentlyhydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4carbon atoms, R² in each of the x (R²O) and the y (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrocarbylene or substitutedhydrocarbylene having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, and x and y areindependently an average number from 1 to about 60; or (c) alkoxylateddialkylphenols having the formula:

wherein R¹ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and at least one ofR¹ and R⁴ is an alkyl group, R² in each of the x (R²O) groups isindependently C₂-C₄ alkylene, R³ is hydrogen, or a linear or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and x is an averagenumber from 1 to about 60; or (d) a glycoside having the formula:

wherein n is the degree of polymerization, or number of glycose groups,and R is a branched or straight chain alkyl group preferably having from4 to 18 carbon atoms, or a mixture of alkyl groups having an averagevalue within the given range.
 123. A temperature stable uniform liquidherbicidal concentrate comprising: an aqueous phase having a watersoluble herbicide dissolved therein, the water soluble herbicide beingpresent in a concentration that is biologically effective when thecomposition is diluted in a suitable volume of water and applied to thefoliage of a susceptible plant; an oil phase intimately and uniformlymixed with said aqueous phase, aid oil phase comprising a substantiallywater immiscible organic solvent; and a surfactant component comprisinga cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, the surfactantcomponent being present in a concentration sufficient to maintain thestability of the concentrate between a cloud point of at least about 50C. and a crystallization point not greater than about −10 C.
 124. Acomposition of claim 123 wherein the composition is an opticallytransparent stable concentrate.
 125. The composition of claim 123wherein the concentrate is a microemulsion.